Approaches for delaying sexual maturation in salmon and their possible ecological and ethical implications

Iversen, Marianne; Myhr, Anne Ingeborg; Wargelius, Anna

doi:10.1080/10454438.2016.1212756

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The seasonal timing of salmonid spawning can be manipulated with constant short or long photoperiods [ 29 ] and by condensing or extending the annual photoperiod cycle [ 18 , 30 ]. Moreover, factors such as temperature, photoperiod manipulation, and feeding strategy are able to delay sexual maturity to some degree [ 14 ]. However, there is limited information about the non-circadian photoperiod on development and growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precocious maturation has a negative impact on the growth rate—mature individuals invest heavily in the development of gonads and show negative growth performance [ 10 , 11 ], the immune system—by inability of producing isohemagglutinins, which can leads to the reduction of bactericidal activity [ 12 ], and product quality—softer fillets with reduced fat and low slaughter yield [ 13 ]. In early puberty, fish show a high growth potential, a factor increasing profitability in the farming industry [ 14 ], but somatic weight subsequently stabilizes or decreases, as resources are diverted to gonad formation and gamete production [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Non-Circadian Photoperiod on Growth and Puberty Onset of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

Lundova

Matoušek

Stejskal

2021

Animals

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The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a prolonged photoperiod on growth rate and sexual maturation in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. The task of the experiment was to determine the most effective light regimen capable to minimizing the effects of puberty, including impairment of somatic growth and further general characteristics. In this regard, the studied fish were reared under three photoperiod regimens in which fish were exposed to 24 h continuous light alternating with 24 or 48 h under the ambient photoperiod or 48 h continuous light alternating with a 24 h ambient photoperiod. A control group was reared under the natural ambient photoperiod. Four-hundred and fifty fish with an average initial body weight of 101.3 ± 1.2 g were used for each experimental group (three replicates of each treatment plus control). A statistically lower growth rate showed control groups in both sexes. At the end of the study, control males had an average body weight of 226.6 ± 39.8 g and control females a body weight of 199.8 ± 12.2 g. At the same period, a significantly higher average body weight was found in groups reared 24 h under ambient photoperiod alternating with a 48 h continuous light regime (2CP:1AP) in both sexes (296.56 ± 62.5 g—males, and 239.9 ± 19.2 g—females, respectively). A significantly higher percentage of sexually mature fish was observed in the control group (80% of males and 29% of females, respectively). We found significantly fewer sexually mature females compared to males. The lowest survival was observed in group 2CP:1AP at 92%. It was concluded that regimen under which fish was exposed to 48 h of natural ambient photoperiod alternating with 24 h of constant light (1CP:2AP) lead to the successful delay of gonad development and onset of puberty and increased somatic growth in both sexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Non-Circadian Photoperiod on Growth and Puberty Onset of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

Lundova

Matoušek

Stejskal

2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to note that time to maturity and the possibilities for environmental manipulation will vary according to sex in several species, such as the precocious maturity possible within a year in Atlantic salmon males. In addition, while genetic variation in time to sexual maturity exists and therefore generation time could be reduced via selective breeding, this is usually not desired in aquaculture; sexually mature animals tend to grow slower and can have several other undesirable characteristics ( Iversen et al, 2016 ). In fact, the use of surrogate broodstock would allow selection for late maturity in the donor species, decreasing associated problems and further increasing aquaculture productivity and fish health.…”

Section: Applications For Improved Breeding and Production Of Aquaculture Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surrogate broodstock to enhance biotechnology research and applications in aquaculture

Jin

Robledo

Hickey

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Advances

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Aquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in meeting global demands for seafood, particularly in low and middle income countries. Genetic improvement of aquaculture species has major untapped potential to help achieve this, with selective breeding and genome editing offering exciting avenues to expedite this process. However, limitations to these breeding and editing approaches include long generation intervals of many fish species, alongside both technical and regulatory barriers to the application of genome editing in commercial production. Surrogate broodstock technology facilitates the production of donor-derived gametes in surrogate parents, and comprises transplantation of germ cells of donors into sterilised recipients. There are many successful examples of intra- and inter-species germ cell transfer and production of viable offspring in finfish, and this leads to new opportunities to address the aforementioned limitations. Firstly, surrogate broodstock technology raises the opportunity to improve genome editing via the use of cultured germ cells, to reduce mosaicism and potentially enable in vivo CRISPR screens in the progeny of surrogate parents. Secondly, the technology has pertinent applications in preservation of aquatic genetic resources, and in facilitating breeding of high-value species which are otherwise difficult to rear in captivity. Thirdly, it holds potential to drastically reduce the effective generation interval in aquaculture breeding programmes, expediting the rate of genetic gain. Finally, it provides new opportunities for dissemination of tailored, potentially genome edited, production animals of high genetic merit for farming. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of surrogate broodstock technology, and discusses the next steps for its applications in research and production. The integration and synergy of genomics, genome editing, and reproductive technologies have exceptional potential to expedite genetic gain in aquaculture species in the coming decades.

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“…In teleosts, endocrine pituitary cells are also mainly controlled by brain signaling centers in the preoptic and hypothalamic areas ( 41 ), which are characterized by the presence of numerous melatonin binding sites ( 106 – 108 ). The effects of melatonin on these brain centers, and thus indirectly on pituitary activity, have been studied mainly in the context of reproduction in teleosts, such as in the salmon ( 109 ) and eel ( 110 ) where melatonin has been shown to play an important role in puberty. Therefore, the available knowledge and thus the discussion in the present review, only concern gonadotropes ( Figure 4 , Table 2 ).…”

Section: Brain-mediated Effects Of Melatonin On Anterior Pituitary Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts

et al. 2021

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Melatonin is a key hormone involved in the photoperiodic signaling pathway. In both teleosts and mammals, melatonin produced in the pineal gland at night is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, providing rhythmic information to the whole organism. Melatonin acts via specific receptors, allowing the synchronization of daily and annual physiological rhythms to environmental conditions. The pituitary gland, which produces several hormones involved in a variety of physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, stress and reproduction, is an important target of melatonin. Melatonin modulates pituitary cellular activities, adjusting the synthesis and release of the different pituitary hormones to the functional demands, which changes during the day, seasons and life stages. It is, however, not always clear whether melatonin acts directly or indirectly on the pituitary. Indeed, melatonin also acts both upstream, on brain centers that control the pituitary hormone production and release, as well as downstream, on the tissues targeted by the pituitary hormones, which provide positive and negative feedback to the pituitary gland. In this review, we describe the known pathways through which melatonin modulates anterior pituitary hormonal production, distinguishing indirect effects mediated by brain centers from direct effects on the anterior pituitary. We also highlight similarities and differences between teleosts and mammals, drawing attention to knowledge gaps, and suggesting aims for future research.

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Approaches for delaying sexual maturation in salmon and their possible ecological and ethical implications

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 17 publications

References 148 publications

The Effect of Non-Circadian Photoperiod on Growth and Puberty Onset of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

The Effect of Non-Circadian Photoperiod on Growth and Puberty Onset of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

Surrogate broodstock to enhance biotechnology research and applications in aquaculture

Effects of Melatonin on Anterior Pituitary Plasticity: A Comparison Between Mammals and Teleosts

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