Applying the Degree of Urbanisation to the globe: A new harmonised definition reveals a different picture of global urbanisation

Dijkstra, Lewis; Florczyk, Aneta J.; Freire, Sérgio; Kemper, Thomas; Melchiorri, Michele; Pesaresi, Martino; Schiavina, Marcello

doi:10.1016/j.jue.2020.103312

Cited by 189 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a second step, municipalities are then classified into one of three type of areas: densely , intermediate , and thinly populated area. Densely populated areas have at least 50% of population living in high-density clusters; intermediate density areas have less than 50% of the population lives in rural grid cells and less than 50% of population living in high-density clusters; and thinly populated areas have more than 50% of the population living in rural grid cells [25,26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does population density moderate suicide risk? An Italian population study over the last 30 years

et al. 2020

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Background. The relationship between population density and suicide risk remains unclear. While urbanization is associated with greater risk for psychopathology, higher suicide rates have been reported in rural areas. We examined population density and suicide in the Italian population in the last 30 years. Methods. The Italian National Institute of Statistics databases of the Italian population aged 15 years and older (52.4 million in 2016) were used to compute age-adjusted annual total mortality and suicide rates for the years 1985–2016. According to the European Union statistical office (EUROSTAT) criteria, municipalities were classified into densely populated areas, intermediate density areas, or thinly populated areas. Rate ratios (RRs) were computed by sex, age, and geographical area, using densely populated areas as reference. Results. Total mortality was not associated with population density. In males, suicide rate increased with decreasing population density (RR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08–1.28, in intermediate population areas, and RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20–1.45, in thinly populated areas, in 2016). This inverse relationship was found across age, geographical areas, and consecutively over 22 years (1994–2016). In females, no significant difference was detected (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82–1.13 in intermediate density areas and RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85–1.22 in thinly populated areas). Hanging was the most common suicide method among males, more frequent in thinly (58.8%) than intermediate (53.2%) or densely (41.4%) populated areas. Conclusions. A consistent and temporally stable inverse relationship between population density and suicide was found in the male, but not female, population. Men may be more vulnerable to adverse social and economic factors associated with lower population density.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the years 2003–2016 (latest available when the present study was carried out). Data were analyzed at the municipality level grouped into three degree of population density according to EUROSTAT [24–26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does population density moderate suicide risk? An Italian population study over the last 30 years

et al. 2020

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“…The simulation of a UAV network was carried out for the entire territory of the Federal Republic of Germany fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: (1) area classified as ‘thinly populated area’ according to the degree of urbanisation (DEGURBA) as of 2018 defined by EUROSTAT based on the share of local population living in urban clusters and in urban centres 13 and (2) not covered by EMS within 10 min time-to-defibrillation. These inclusion criteria defined an area that would most likely benefit from an UAV network.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.

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“…The median population density in the period of analysis was calculated for each of the counties, and cut-off values of 150 and 300 inhabitants/km 2 were applied for the definition of rural, intermediate, and urban areas [44]. The annual HAR was defined as the number of female hospitalizations with a BC admission code in a certain area in a determined year, divided by the median population (at June 30) of female inhabitants in that same area and year [45].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Breast Cancer Hospitalizations in Portugal in 2002–2016

Gomes

Moita

Nunes

2020

Port J Public Health

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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among Portuguese women and it is associated with high hospitalization rates. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the BC hospital admission rate (HAR) in women in the period of 2002-2016, with an additional focus on spatiotemporal patterns of hospitalizations by BC (main code). Methods: After a descriptive analysis of all BC hospitalizations, the main BC code HAR was studied using mapping techniques, analysis of spatiotemporal clusters, and analysis of spatial variations in temporal trends. Results: The BC-HAR was 118.72/10 5 women, showing a growth of 3.109% per year in this period. The median length of stay (LOS) in these patients was 5 days, and most cases were programmed surgical admissions. Several spatiotemporal clusters and spatial variations in temporal trends were detected. The seaside area of the country showed 4 high HAR clusters in the spatiotemporal analysis. Additionally, the seaside north of the country and 2 isolated counties presented significantly different temporal trends in BC-HAR versus the rest of the country. These clusters suggest regional asymmetries, as they showed differences in terms of: demographic characteristics (age at admission and rurality of county of residence), the type of admission, LOS, and outcomes of hospitalization. Conclusion: This study identified key areas of high BC-HAR and increasing trends for female HAR, providing evidence of spatial heterogeneities in this health indicator.

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Applying the Degree of Urbanisation to the globe: A new harmonised definition reveals a different picture of global urbanisation

Cited by 189 publications

References 16 publications

Does population density moderate suicide risk? An Italian population study over the last 30 years

Does population density moderate suicide risk? An Italian population study over the last 30 years

Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Breast Cancer Hospitalizations in Portugal in 2002–2016

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