Applications of X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) to dental and medical specimens

Effect of chemical environment on L subshell fluorescence yields using synchrotron radiation

“…The compound Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 has the oxidation number +3, the effective ionic radius 1.06 Å and coordination number 8, but the chemical bonding is ionic type and crystal structure is orthorhombic. It is interesting to note that the ω 1 , ω 2 and ω 3 values for Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 are lower than the values of Gd; the difference probably due to the type bonding and crystal structure in Gd 2 (CO 3 ) 3 .…”

“…The x-ray emission spectroscopy has been one of the best tools for the study of trace elements in the samples such as environmental sample, biological sample and engineering sample [1][2][3]. It is well known that the K x-rays (K α and K β ) are produced when vacancies in the K shell created by incident radiation or particles are filled by electrons from higher shells through radiative process.…”

Infiltration of trace metal ions in the oral mucosa of a rat analyzed using SRXRF, XAFS, and ICP-MS

“…SR-XRF is highly sensitive and nondestructive, and it is widely used in the trace element analysis of medical and biological specimens. As reported in previous studies [16][17][18] , SR-XRF analysis can be performed with thin, sectioned tissue specimens. Then, comparison with histopathological diagnosis can provide relational information between various changes in tissues and the elemental distribution.…”

The characteristic radiation of copper Kα1,2,3,4

“…The spectrum given by the characteristic radiation of atoms is used in a number of fields of science including chemistry (Kawai et al, 1994), astrophysics (Sulentic et al, 1998), plasma physics (Hansen et al, 2005), nanopowders (Armelao et al, 2008) and medicine (Uo et al, 2015). More specifically the K line is used as a calibration standard in many X-ray experiments.…”