Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators

Pang, Jinbo; Peng, Songang; Hou, Chongyang; Wang, Xiao; Wang, Ting; Cao, Yu; Zhou, Weijia; Sun, Ding; Wang, Kai; Rümmeli, Mark H.; Cuniberti, Gianaurelio; Liu, Hong

doi:10.1007/s12274-022-5272-8

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 423 publications

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“…In modern society, sensors play an increasingly significant role in environmental protection, disease detection and industrial production, etc. Currently, there are different types of sensors, such as gas sensors, biosensors and sound sensors [245]. Owing to the medium specific surface area, layered structure, rich active sites and superior electronic conductivity, MXenes have been regarded as promising sensitive materials in recent years [44].…”

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Perspectives of Lewis Acidic Etching Route: An Emerging Preparation Strategy for MXenes

Huang

Han

2023

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Since the discovery in 2011, MXenes have become the rising star in the field of two-dimensional materials. Benefiting from the metallic-level conductivity, large and adjustable gallery spacing, low ion diffusion barrier, rich surface chemistry, superior mechanical strength, MXenes exhibit great application prospects in energy storage and conversion, sensors, optoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding and biomedicine. Nevertheless, two issues seriously deteriorate the further development of MXenes. One is the high experimental risk of common preparation methods such as HF etching, and the other is the difficulty in obtaining MXenes with controllable surface groups. Recently, Lewis acidic etching, as a brand-new preparation strategy for MXenes, has attracted intensive attention due to its high safety and the ability to endow MXenes with uniform terminations. However, a comprehensive review of Lewis acidic etching method has not been reported yet. Herein, we first introduce the Lewis acidic etching from the following four aspects: etching mechanism, terminations regulation, in-situ formed metals and delamination of multi-layered MXenes. Further, the applications of MXenes and MXene-based hybrids obtained by Lewis acidic etching route in energy storage and conversion, sensors and microwave absorption are carefully summarized. Finally, some challenges and opportunities of Lewis acidic etching strategy are also presented.

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Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Perspectives of Lewis Acidic Etching Route: An Emerging Preparation Strategy for MXenes

Huang

Han

2023

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…A knee-jerk reflex can automatically react and does not require the brain command. The actuators experience shape deformation upon light, heat, or humidity, acting like muscles . Here, we update the graphene based actuators for conducting muscle behaviors.…”

Section: Artificial Muscles For Reflex Arc By Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actuators experience shape deformation upon light, heat, or humidity, acting like muscles. 398 Here, we update the graphene based actuators for conducting muscle behaviors.…”

Section: Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

et al. 2023

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Graphene remains of great interest in biomedical applications because of biocompatibility. Diseases relating to human senses interfere with life satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, the restoration by artificial organs or sensory devices may bring a bright future by the recovery of senses in patients. In this review, we update the most recent progress in graphene based sensors for mimicking human senses such as artificial retina for image sensors, artificial eardrums, gas sensors, chemical sensors, and tactile sensors. The brain-like processors are discussed based on conventional transistors as well as memristor related neuromorphic computing. The brain−machine interface is introduced for providing a single pathway. Besides, the artificial muscles based on graphene are summarized in the means of actuators in order to react to the physical world. Future opportunities remain for elevating the performances of human-like sensors and their clinical applications.

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“…Ultimately, the humanoid robots may bring bright future for MXene research. [300] The self-powering become attractive features of flexible and stretchable electronics. Here, triboelectric nanogenerators, [301][302][303] and photovoltaic cells [304][305][306][307][308] can be connected to (a-e) Adapted with permission.…”

Section: Mxene-based Piezoresistive Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Huang

Peng

et al. 2022

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MXene is typically exfoliated by selective etching the A layer of MAX phase. [1] One example of MXene, Ti 3 C 2 F x , satisfies the stoichiometric ratio of n + 1/n, in which M, X, and T stand for transition metals, carbon or nitrogen, terminal groups at surfaces, respectively. The MXene has exhibited extraordinary electrical, [2][3][4] optical, [5] mechanical, [6][7][8] and electrochemical properties [9] since its first discovery, [10] which has become an emerging material for sensing, [11,12] communication, [13,14] energy, [15,16] environmental, [17] and healthcare applications. [18][19][20] There are many reviews existing for electrochemical energy storage, including supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, [21][22][23] sodium ion batteries, zinc ion batteries, [24][25][26] lithium-sulfur batteries, and energy conversions, [27][28][29] includingThe Internet of Things era has promoted enormous research on sensors, communications, data fusion, and actuators. Among them, sensors are a prerequisite for acquiring the environmental information for delivering to an artificial data center to make decisions. The MXene-based sensors have aroused tremendous interest because of their extraordinary performances. In this review, the electrical, electronic, and optical properties of MXenes are first introduced. Next, the MXene-based sensors are discussed according to the sensing mechanisms such as electronic, electrochemical, and optical methods. Initially, biosensors are introduced based on chemiresistors and field-effect transistors. Besides, the wearable pressure sensor is demonstrated with piezoresistive devices. Third, the electrochemical methods include amperometry and electrochemiluminescence as examples. In addition, the optical approaches refer to surface plasmonic resonance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Moreover, the prospects are delivered of multimodal data fusion toward complicated human-like senses. Eventually, future opportunities for MXene research are conveyed in the new material discovery, structure design, and proof-of-concept devices.

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Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators

Cited by 32 publications

References 423 publications

Recent Advances and Perspectives of Lewis Acidic Etching Route: An Emerging Preparation Strategy for MXenes

Recent Advances and Perspectives of Lewis Acidic Etching Route: An Emerging Preparation Strategy for MXenes

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

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