Applications of Carboxylesterase Activity in Environmental Monitoring and Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs)

Wheelock, Craig E.; Phillips, Bryn M.; Anderson, Brian S.; Miller, Jeff L.; Miller, Mike J.; Hammock, Bruce D.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77030-7_5

Cited by 141 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…There is insufficient data, however, to conclude that CbE inhibition provided AChE protection. Further studies would have to be conducted as performed by Wheelock (2008) who, firstly, pretreated CbE with inhibitors and observed any potentiated toxicity of the organophosphate and secondly, considered any other protection contributed by other esterases such as butyrylcholinesterase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Delfina¹,

Tapfuma²,

Mnkandla³

et al. 2016

IJC

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Pesticides extensively used in agricultural fields to ensure high quality crop yields indirectly find their way to aquatic bodies where they affect aquatic biota. We investigated the effects of pesticides in different dam waters on esterase enzyme activity of the freshwater snail species Lymnaea natalensis. Groups of adult snails were exposed to 0.006 ppm chlorpyrifos and 0.003 ppm aldicarb in polluted water from Umguza dam and relatively pristine water from Hillside dam for 14 days. Carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and arylesterase activities were measured. Both pesticides caused significant inhibition of esterase activity after the 14 day exposure period, with exposures to Umguza dam water showing higher inhibition as compared to exposures to Hillside dam water. Aldicarb and chlorpyrifos both showed a time-dependent inhibition of enzyme activity, the former causing a higher inhibitory effect as compared to the latter. Acetylcholinesterase was inhibited up to 80% following exposure to aldicarb while exposure to chlorpyrifos in Umguza water caused only 40% inhibition. Carboxylesterases were similarly inhibited with higher inhibition observed in snails exposed to Umguza dam water when compared to snails exposed to Hillside dam water, while arylesterases were inhibited in the range 80-90%, with an exception of chlorpyrifos spiked Hillside dam water which caused 45% inhibition. Contaminated Umguza dam water also appeared to enhance the effects of pesticides when compared to the relatively pristine Hillside dam water. Alteration of esterase activity can be used as an early warning signal indicating exposure to environmental pollutants. The results of this study therefore, highlight the adverse effects of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms, evidenced by the inhibition of esterase activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Delfina¹,

Tapfuma²,

Mnkandla³

et al. 2016

IJC

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“…Along with blood acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and paraoxonase, this enzyme is involved in detoxifying numerous hazardous substances, including organophosphates (18,19). It interacts with a broad range of substrates and performs arylesterase activity (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Serum Carboxylesterase Partly Hydrolyses Gamma-Butyrobetaine Esters

Bagdoniene

Labeikytė

Kalviņš

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Although described some time ago, gamma-butyrobetaine esters and related compounds have not gained much attention from researchers, and their physiological function remains obscure. Formerly we detected GBB-esterase enzymatic activity in rat blood serum using phenylated gamma-butyrobetaine as an artifi cial substrate of the enzyme and HPLC. The aim of the present work was to develop an assay that would enable spectrophotometric or colorimetric determination of the reaction products of GBB-esterase activity and to reveal individual proteins performing GBB-esterase activity in rat blood serum. For this purpose gammabutyrobetaine 1-naphthyl ester was synthesised. Hydrolysis of this ester releases 1-naphthol, which increases the optical absorbance at 322 nm. We have shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of GBB 1-naphthyl ester to 1-naphthol in rat blood serum is due to GBB-esterase activity. An attempt was done to purify the enzyme from rat blood serum. By combining DEAE Sepharose at pH 4.2 and affi nity chromatography with procainamide we achieved a 68-fold enrichment of GBB-esterase activity in our preparations. Separation of fraction proteins in 2D protein electrophoresis with following mass-spectrometry indicated that GBB esterase activity in rat blood serum is performed in part by carboxylesterase.

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“…In general, the products of the reactions are more soluble and less toxic than the parent compounds, thus biotransformation process accelerates the excretion of the chemicals from organism (Li et al, 2009). Furthermore, CarE catalyzes the hydrolysis of carboxyl esters in phase I biotransformation (Wheelock et al, 2008), so it is a vital detoxification enzyme for pyrethroids in organism.…”

Section: Evidence From Enzymatic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does cadmium affect the toxicokinetics of permethrin in Chironomus dilutus at sublethal level? Evidence of enzymatic activity and gene expression

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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Applications of Carboxylesterase Activity in Environmental Monitoring and Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs)

Cited by 141 publications

References 279 publications

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Toxicological Effects of Differently Polluted Dam Waters Spiked with Pesticides on Freshwater Snails Lymnaea Natalensis

Rat Serum Carboxylesterase Partly Hydrolyses Gamma-Butyrobetaine Esters

Does cadmium affect the toxicokinetics of permethrin in Chironomus dilutus at sublethal level? Evidence of enzymatic activity and gene expression

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