Application of TLC, HPLC and GC methods to the study of amino acid and peptide enantiomers: a review

Abstract

Amino acids are very important organic compounds in nature. The biological activity of amino acids depends mainly on their stereoisomeric configuration (d- or l-). Thus, the stereochemical analysis of amino acids and peptides is an important aspect of their characterization. Owing to the increasing role of amino acid configuration in biomedical and pharmaceutical studies, numerous analytical methods have been described in the literature. Among a wide range of analytical techniques available for the steroselective separation of different amino acids, which were obtained from plants or biological samples, chromatographic methods such as thin-layer chromatography, high-performance chromatography and also gas chromatography are very useful. This review presents such systems developed for direct stereoisomeric separation and quantitative determination of amino acid and peptide enantiomers with emphasis on selected literature published during two last decades. Almost all aspects, including sample preparation prior chromatographic analysis, stationary phase, solvent system and detection system, are discussed. New possibilities in chiral amino acid analysis have been opened up by the application of mass spectrometry and infrared detection in thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring detection system in gas chromatography. A modern trend in high-performance chromatography is two-dimensional chromatography. These innovations have led to decreased development time and increased amino acid resolution and detectability.

Low-Temperature Plasma Probe Mass Spectrometry for Analytes Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates: Direct vs Laser Assisted Desorption

“…Amino acid analysis has been very important in analytical biochemistry for more than 50 years . There are numerous chromatographic systems developed for the analysis of amino acids, including ion exchange or HPLC or GC or CE separation. , TLC stands out among these techniques mainly due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness . Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis figures of merit of LD-LTP-MS of amino acids separated on TLC plates were characterized.…”

Low-Temperature Plasma Probe Mass Spectrometry for Analytes Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates: Direct vs Laser Assisted Desorption

“…Amino acid analysis has been very important in analytical biochemistry for more than 50 years . There are numerous chromatographic systems developed for the analysis of amino acids, including ion exchange or HPLC or GC or CE separation. , TLC stands out among these techniques mainly due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness . Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis figures of merit of LD-LTP-MS of amino acids separated on TLC plates were characterized.…”

Comparative nutritional characteristics of the three major Chinese Dendrobium species with different growth years

“…Amino acids have important functions in both nutrition and health [35, 36]. The human body has eight kinds of essential amino acids.…”

Challenging the status quo: A comparison of ion exchange chromatography with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of amino acids in human plasma

“…23,24 Ion pair reagents negate the need for derivatization and facilitate good chromatographic separation. 20–26 However, they are prone to retention time instability and reagents may foul the LC components, ion source and mass spectrometer causing signal suppression in subsequent analysis and diminished column performance. This lack of robustness and efficiency limits routine utility and, more recently, methods have been described which negate the need for derivatization or ion pair reagents.…”

Low-Temperature Plasma Probe Mass Spectrometry for Analytes Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates: Direct vs Laser Assisted Desorption

“…Amino acid analysis has been very important in analytical biochemistry for more than 50 years . There are numerous chromatographic systems developed for the analysis of amino acids, including ion exchange or HPLC or GC or CE separation. , TLC stands out among these techniques mainly due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness . Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis figures of merit of LD-LTP-MS of amino acids separated on TLC plates were characterized.…”

Comparative nutritional characteristics of the three major Chinese Dendrobium species with different growth years

“…Amino acids have important functions in both nutrition and health [35, 36]. The human body has eight kinds of essential amino acids.…”

Challenging the status quo: A comparison of ion exchange chromatography with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of amino acids in human plasma

“…23,24 Ion pair reagents negate the need for derivatization and facilitate good chromatographic separation. 20–26 However, they are prone to retention time instability and reagents may foul the LC components, ion source and mass spectrometer causing signal suppression in subsequent analysis and diminished column performance. This lack of robustness and efficiency limits routine utility and, more recently, methods have been described which negate the need for derivatization or ion pair reagents.…”

Low-Temperature Plasma Probe Mass Spectrometry for Analytes Separated on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates: Direct vs Laser Assisted Desorption

“…Amino acid analysis has been very important in analytical biochemistry for more than 50 years . There are numerous chromatographic systems developed for the analysis of amino acids, including ion exchange or HPLC or GC or CE separation. , TLC stands out among these techniques mainly due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness . Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis figures of merit of LD-LTP-MS of amino acids separated on TLC plates were characterized.…”

Comparative nutritional characteristics of the three major Chinese Dendrobium species with different growth years

“…Amino acids have important functions in both nutrition and health [35, 36]. The human body has eight kinds of essential amino acids.…”

Challenging the status quo: A comparison of ion exchange chromatography with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the measurement of amino acids in human plasma

“…23,24 Ion pair reagents negate the need for derivatization and facilitate good chromatographic separation. 20–26 However, they are prone to retention time instability and reagents may foul the LC components, ion source and mass spectrometer causing signal suppression in subsequent analysis and diminished column performance. This lack of robustness and efficiency limits routine utility and, more recently, methods have been described which negate the need for derivatization or ion pair reagents.…”