Application of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in biological imaging and tumor treatment

Abstract

<jats:p> Rare earth-doped nanoparticles have been widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tumor therapy, and bioimaging. Among various bioimaging methods, the fluorescence imaging technology based on the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can visually display the cell activity and lesion evolution in living animals, which is a powerful tool in biological technology and has being widely applied in medical and biological fields. Especially in the band of near infrared (700–1700 nm), the emissions show the characteristics of deep penetration due to low absorption, low photon scattering, and low autofluorescence interference. Furthermore, the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can be endowed with the water solubility, biocompatibility, drug-loading ability, and the targeting ability for different tumors by surface functionalization. This confirms its potential in the cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the application of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in the field of bioimaging and tumor treatment. The luminescent mechanism, properties, and structure design were also discussed. </jats:p>

Near‐Infrared‐II Nanomaterials for Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy

“…Designing the core–shell structures in which shell structure has similar lattice constant to that of core structure can not only increase the particle size, but also suppress the surface quenching aroused by the high‐energy vibration from the organic groups in the solvent. [ 32 ] By introducing the foreign elements, the electric dipole transitions are inhibited in the same parity state, therefore improving the FL efficiency according to the selection rule. [ 32 ]…”

“…[ 32 ] By introducing the foreign elements, the electric dipole transitions are inhibited in the same parity state, therefore improving the FL efficiency according to the selection rule. [ 32 ]…”

An Overview of Gadolinium-Based Oxide and Oxysulfide Particles: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

“…Gadolinium-based particles have been reported for promising bio-applications (Figure 10) due to their interesting optical properties, highlighted physicochemical characteristics, combined with low cytotoxicity and high photosensitivity [103]. Because of their high longitudinal relaxivities and small r 2 /r 1 ratios, Gd 2 O 3 and Gd 2 O 2 S NPs are used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-modal imaging, tissue labeling, immunosensing, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [17,104,105]. Moreover, the surface of upconverting nanoparticles can be functionalized and then conjugated with biological molecules (such as proteins, peptides, antibodies, drugs, and genes) to be delivered in target cells.…”

“…The use of rare-earth-based nanoparticles for different biological applications, including molecular and cell biology, in vitro and in vivo assay, has been demonstrated for several research groups [99,[101][102][103][104][105]. An additional advantage is that rare-earth-based nanoparticles can be easily functionalized with specific functional groups to target biomolecules.…”

Influence of Pr3+ and CO32− Ions Coupled Substitution on Structural, Optical and Antibacterial Properties of Fluorapatite Nanopowders Obtained by Precipitation

“…A wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical use has been synthesized using different ionic substitutions in the fluorapatite (FAP) crystal lattice [1][2][3][4]. FAP has the formula Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 per unit cell and can be commonly found in nature as geological material and biomaterial in calcified tissue [4,5]. One of the main characteristics of FAP crystals is their structural capacity to accept many ionic substitutions [6].…”