Application of pulse discharge sintering (PDS) technique to rapid synthesis of Ti3SiC2 from Ti/Si/C powders

Synthesis and Characterization of a Metallic Ceramic Material&ndash;Ti<SUB>3</SUB>SiC<SUB>2</SUB>

“…8,[10][11][12][13] Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of the synthesized samples from the five groups of powder mixtures sintered at 1300 or 1350 C for 15 min. Each XRD pattern in the figure represents the sample with the highest Ti 3 SiC 2 content in the group of the materials synthesized from the respective powder mixture.…”

“…SEM and OM observations show that the microstructure of the Ti 3 SiC 2 samples mainly exhibit the following features: 8,[10][11][12][13] (1) at the sintering temperature below 1250 C, the grains in the samples are very fine (about 5 mm in length and 2-3 mm in width); (2) at the sintering temperature above 1250 C, some grains became coarse and were embedded in the homogenous fine grains, the volume fraction and size of the coarse grains increase with sintering temperature; (3) the Ti 3 SiC 2 grains did not grow to a large size even at the highest sintering temperature of 1400 C (or 1450 C). Figure 3 shows the typical microstructure of the Ti 3 SiC 2 samples sintered from Ti/Si/TiC mixtures at 1275 C for 15 min, showing nearly single phase Ti 3 SiC 2 microstructure.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Its crystal structure is comprised of hexagonal nets of Si atoms separated by three nearly closepacked Ti layers that accommodate C atoms in the octahedral sites between them. 17) This compound is a promising lightweight (density of 4.52 g/cm 3 ) candidate for high temperature applications as structural and functional materials.…”

“…Whereas the field of MAX phases are growing to the stage of commercialization in the United States and also in Europe, [1][2][3][4][5] it is in a recession stage in Japan after some limited research activities as we can trace from the open literature, 6,7,17) in addition to the work in our group. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Barsoum 1) summarized the fabrication and characterization of Ti 3 SiC 2 . The early synthesis of Ti 3 SiC 2 was carried out by Jeitschko and Nowotny 16) via chemical reaction in 1967.…”

Effect of Excess Silicon on the Formation of Ti3SiC2Using Free Ti/Si/C Powders Synthesized via Arc Melting

“…Two types of heating sources are frequently employed in this reaction: (1) electric induction, where the heat is thermally propagated through the sample, that is, selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) [13,[22][23][24][25][26], thermal explosion (TE) [21], and SHS coupled with hot isostatic pressing (SHS-HIP) [13,27], and (2) electriccharge, where heat is generated from electrodischarge among particles [28] which is due to the current flowing between two polling sites (anode and cathode), that is, pulse discharge sintering (PDS) [11,[29][30][31], spark plasma sintering (SPS) [28,32] or plasma-activated sintering [33][34][35], arc melting [17], and also from welding methods. Most researchers followed these methods to synthesize Ti 3 SiC 2 single phase by using several starting mixtures (e.g., TiH 2 /Si/C [14], Ti/Si/C [9, 10, 18-20, 23, 24, 27, 29, 36-47], Ti/SiC/C [25], Ti/Si/TiC [26,31], and TiC/Si [48]) and varying the composition of the starting reactant powders (e.g., Ti, Si, C, SiC, TiC, Al, etc.).…”