Application of Photonic Crystal Enhanced Fluorescence to Cancer Biomarker Microarrays

Abstract

We report on the use of photonic crystal surfaces as a high-sensitivity platform for detection of a panel of cancer biomarkers in a protein microarray format. The photonic crystal surface is designed to provide an optical resonance at the excitation wavelength of cyanine-5 (Cy5), thus providing an increase in fluorescent intensity for Cy5-labeled analytes measured with a confocal microarray scanner, compared to a glass surface. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is undertaken on a microarray platform to undertake a simultaneous, multiplex analysis of 24 antigens on a single chip. Our results show that the resonant excitation effect increases the signal-to-noise ratio by 3.8- to 6.6-fold, resulting in a decrease in detection limits of 5–90%, with the exact enhancement dependent upon the antibody-antigen interaction. Dose-response characterization of the photonic crystal antibody microarrays shows the capability to detect common cancer biomarkers in the < 2 pg/ml concentration range within a mixed sample.

Silicon Nanowire Biosensor for Highly Sensitive and Multiplexed Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers in Saliva

“…10 These biosensors based on the labeling of biomolecules with tags, such as radioactive isotope, quantum dots or fluorescent dyes, have been applied for the detection of disease biomarkers. [11][12][13][14] Although these label-based methods have good sensitivity, they suffer from some drawbacks, including challenges concerning the labeling procedures, tedious and time-consuming experimental procedures, thereby hindering them from more extensive applications. 15 In an attempt to overcome the above disadvantages, several label-free sensor technologies have been employed to detect biomarkers, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), 16 a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), 17 atomic force microscopy (AFM), 18 surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS), 19 and a fieldeffect transistor (FET).…”

Direct Detection of Transcription Factors in Cotyledons during Seedling Development Using Sensitive Silicon-Substrate Photonic Crystal Protein Arrays

“…A previous report with PCEF slides has suggested that their range is from 0.3 pg mL 21 to 10 ng mL 21 (Huang et al, 2011;Cunningham and Zangar, 2012). With total seed protein at 25 mg mL 21 in our assays and lectin representing approximately 1% of the total extractable seed protein (Pull et al, 1978), the estimated amount of lectin in the solution is about 250 ng mL…”

“…The incubation protocol was adapted from Huang et al (2011). Arrays were generally incubated within 1 week of being printed.…”

“…Furthermore, studies in which PC surfaces (Huang et al, 2011;George et al, 2013) were printed with antibodies related to a set of cancer biomarkers showed detection of proteins at concentrations in the range of 0.3 pg mL 21 to 10 ng mL…”

Portable organic gas detection sensor based on the effect of guided-mode resonance

“…[4][5][6][7] Recent years, optical detection methods based on the effect of guided-mode resonance are often used in biological testing. For example, optical devices combined with micro-nano structures based on this theory have been used in cancer detection, 8,9 serum concentrations of human IgE antibodies detection, 10 and live cell adhesion imaging. [11][12][13] In addition to these biological applications, guided-mode resonance methods can also be used to measure the refractive index of solutions.…”