Application of open water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture to intensive monoculture: A review of the current status and challenges in Korea

Park, Miseon; Shin, Sook Kyung; Hyun, Yong; Yarish, Charles; Kim, Jang K.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.051

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…194 In the related integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems, which combine fed aquaculture with extractive aquaculture, a higher yield of protein is achieved through the production of several products. 100,101,195 While detailed knowledge is required to balance multiple species, 196 these systems have the added benefits of nutrient bioremediation and positive consumer perception.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets

et al. 2019

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Approximately 70% of the aquatic-based production of animals is fed aquaculture, whereby animals are provided with high-protein aquafeeds. Currently, aquafeeds are reliant on fish meal and fish oil sourced from wild-captured forage fish. However, increasing use of forage fish is unsustainable and, because an additional 37.4 million tons of aquafeeds will be required by 2025, alternative protein sources are needed. Beyond plantbased ingredients, fishery and aquaculture byproducts and insect meals have the greatest potential to supply the protein required by aquafeeds over the next 10-20 years. Food waste also has potential through the biotransformation and/or bioconversion of raw waste materials, whereas microbial and macroalgal biomass have limitations regarding their scalability and protein content, respectively. In this review, we describe the considerable scope for improved efficiency in fed aquaculture and discuss the development and optimization of alternative protein sources for aquafeeds to ensure a socially and environmentally sustainable future for the aquaculture industry.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the combination fed aquaculture species (such as salmon) with inorganic extractive aquaculture species (seaweeds) and/or extractive organic aquaculture species (suspension and deposit) can be used to increase production efficiency and reduce waste [ 17 ]. Studies report that production in the IMTA system improves the growth of extractive species when there is a high concentration of nutrients (e.g., areas close to fish farms) [ 18 ]. Angell et al [ 19 ] also reported that cultivated seaweeds have a higher protein content compared to wild-harvested seaweeds because the latter grow in environments that are often nutrient-limited, whereas cultivated seaweeds grow in nutrient-rich water from artificial land-based systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Profile and Protein Quality Assessment of Macroalgae Produced in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System

Machado

Pimentel

et al. 2020

Foods

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Seaweeds are a recognized source of bioactive compounds and techno-functional ingredients. However, its protein fraction is still underexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the total and free amino acid profile and protein content of four seaweeds species (Porphyra dioica, Porphyra umbilicalis,Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Ulva rigida) produced in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, while assessing their protein quality. Samples were submitted to acid and alkaline hydrolysis (total amino acids) and to an aqueous extraction (free amino acids) followed by an automated online derivatization procedure, and analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Protein-, non-protein and total-nitrogen were quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Crude and true protein contents were estimated based on the nitrogen and amino acid composition. Protein quality was assessed based on the amino acids profile. Porphyra species presented the highest protein content compared to the remaining three seaweed species tested. All samples presented a complete profile of essential amino acids and a high quality protein profile, according to World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization standards. Methionine and tryptophan were the first limiting amino acids in all species. Red species (Porphyra and Gracilaria) presented high levels of free alanine, glutamic, and aspartic acids. The results highlight the potential of using seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of protein and amino acids for human nutrition and industrial food processing.

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“…A pilot attempt of IMTA with seaweed was carried out in the USA at the end of the 1970s [66], while in Israel, these organisms were introduced in IMTA from the mid-1980s [67,68]. Since then, most integrated polycultures were performed in Asia and Canada [8,59,69,70]. In Europe, a recent survey showed that several constraints of different kinds slowed down the application of such technology; only few sea-based experimental farms were set up with seaweeds, of which only two had a commercial perspective in Atlantic waters [71].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative IMTA System: Polychaetes, Sponges and Macroalgae Co-Cultured in a Southern Italian In-Shore Mariculture Plant (Ionian Sea)

Giangrande

Pierri

Arduini

et al. 2020

JMSE

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In this paper, we report data from the first year of rearing of a set of filter feeder bioremediator organisms: macrobenthic invertebrates (sabellid polychaetes and sponges), coupled with macroalgae, realized in a mariculture fish farm. This innovative integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system was realized at a preindustrial level in the Gulf of Taranto (southern Italy, northern Ionian Sea), within the framework of the EU Remedia Life project. Long lines containing different collector typologies were placed around the fish breeding cages. Vertical collectors were utilized for both polychaetes and sponges, whilst macroalgae were cultivated in horizontal collectors. Data on the growth and mortality of the target species after the first year of rearing and cultivation are given together with their biomass estimation. Polychaete biomass was obtained from natural settlement on ropes previously hung in the system, while sponges and macroalgae were derived from explants and/or inocules inserted in the collectors. The description of the successional pattern occurring on collectors used for settling until reaching a “stable” point is also described, with indications of additional filter feeder macroinvertebrates other than polychaetes and sponges that are easily obtainable and useful in the system as bioremediators as well. The results demonstrate an easy, natural obtaining of large biomass of sabellid polychaetes settling especially from about a 4 to 10 m depth. Sponges and macroalgae need to be periodically cleaned from the fouling covering. The macroalgae cycle was different from that of invertebrates and requires the cultivation of two different species with about a 6-month cycle for each one. The present study represents one of the first attempts at IMTA in the Mediterranean area where invertebrates and macroalgae are co-cultured in an inshore fish farm. Possible utilization of the produced biomass is also suggested.

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Application of open water integrated multi-trophic aquaculture to intensive monoculture: A review of the current status and challenges in Korea

Cited by 57 publications

References 96 publications

The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets

The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets

Amino Acid Profile and Protein Quality Assessment of Macroalgae Produced in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System

An Innovative IMTA System: Polychaetes, Sponges and Macroalgae Co-Cultured in a Southern Italian In-Shore Mariculture Plant (Ionian Sea)

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