Application of multi‐criteria decision analysis tool for design of a sustainable micro‐grid for a remote village in the Himalayas

A robust and sustainable microgrid to resist energy disruption during a pandemic

“…In this work, an energy management system is proposed for a remote village named "Leporiang" in the Papumpare District, North Eastern Region of India. The possibilities of the microgrid is studied in previously published works [25]- [27]. Previous works reported technically mature, commercially available and government regulated energy sources to generate the possible alternatives.…”

An integrated design approach for rural electrification based on community microgrids

“…China alone has shown tremendous progress in achieving 100 % electrification, yet in 2018, 28 % (399 million) of its population currently does not have any access to clean cooking with 242 million relying heavily on traditional biomass for heating and cooking purposes [2,5,6]. Most of the population in developing and least developed countries who do not have access to clean cooking and electricity is constituted in remote and rural locations [5,7].…”

“…As of 2015, there were more than 18,000 villages that do not have aces to electricity in India. This condition become even worse in the case of the North-eastern region (NER) [7,8]. The whole NER suffers from poor road infrastructure, challenging terrain having a majority of areas covered by mountains and forest which are few major causes of its under development and poor energy access [9].…”

Multi‐objectiveoptimization of hybrid renewable energy system based on biomass and fuel cells

“…There are numerous algorithms, but the renowned metaheuristic ones include particle swarm optimization (PSO), Evolutionary metaheuristic algorithm, simulated annealing, differential evolution, genetic algorithm (GA), Cuckoo search, hybrid PSO simulation‐based metaheuristic algorithm among numerous others 1,5,7,9,10,29‐33 . In Reference 34, the five important criteria of technical, social, economic, political/institutional, and ecological have been applied to measure the sustainability of a microgrid to aid in decision‐making. Similarly, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used in Reference 35 to determine the importance of the criteria to be employed to obtain the optimized hybrid power systems.…”