Application of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine: A new approach in modern medical science

Abstract

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are non‐hematopoietic and multipotent stem cells, which have been considered in regenerative medicine. These cells are easily separated from different sources, such as bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (AT), and etc. MSCs have the differentiation capability into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes; This differentiation potential along with the paracrine properties have made them a key choice for tissue repair. MSCs also have various advantages over other stem cells, which is why they have been extensively studied in recent years. The effectiveness of MSCs‐based therapies depend on several factors, including differentiation status at the time of use, concentration per injection, delivery method, the used vehicle, and the nature and extent of the damage. Although, MSCs have emerged promising sources for regenerative medicine, there are potential risks regarding their safety in their clinical use, including tumorigenesis, lack of availability, aging, and sensitivity to toxic environments. In this study, we aimed to discuss how MSCs may be useful in treating defects and diseases. To this aim, we will review recent advances of MSCs action mechanisms in regenerative medicine, as well as the most recent clinical trials. We will also have a brief overview of MSCs resources, differences between their sources, culture conditions, extraction methods, and clinical application of MSCs in various fields of regenerative medicine.

BM-MSC-Loaded Graphene-Collagen Cryogels Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model

“…Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), MSCs isolated from the umbilical cord, and adipose-derived MSCs have shown promising results for the treatment of SCI. Among these, BM-MSCs have been seen as the source with the most potential for SCI treatment . There is clear evidence of improved axonal regeneration, remyelination, decrease in astrogliosis, modulation of macrophages/microglial polarization, and promotion of axonal conduction following BM-MSC transplantation into the rat spinal cord following contusive injuries. , A single injection of BM-MSCs is sufficient to exert its regenerative effect.…”

Evaluating the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

“…Cell-based therapies are considered a promising approach to disease modification due to their ability to harness the body’s healing mechanisms. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a group of non-hematopoietic stem cells derived from the mesoderm, have attracted considerable attention because of their low immunogenicity, remarkable tissue regeneration potential, and powerful immunomodulatory capacity ( Ebrahimi et al, 2023 ). Furthermore, MSCs are readily available, as they can be isolated from various tissues, including but not limited to bone marrow, adipose tissue, and teeth; they are able to multiply rapidly in vitro , undergoing several to a dozen passages ( Li and Wang, 2022 ).…”