Application of mechanical crushing combined with pyrolysis-enhanced flotation technology to recover graphite and LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries

Zhang, Guangwen; He, Yaqun; Wang, Haifeng; Feng, Yi; Xie, Weining; Zhu, Xiangnan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.279

Cited by 149 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the contrary, the slope of the curve of ln(g(α)) versus ln β is quite different from -1, which means that the coefficient of the reaction mechanism equation needs to be adjusted through a model correction factor. Figure 5b,d show that the standard kinetic equations (Equations (15)- (22)) have an ideal linear relationship with Reaction II and B. They can be described by the same reaction mechanism.…”

Section: And 233 Then the Reaction Models/mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Table 3 with y(α) based on Reaction I; (b) comparison of standard y(α) based on the equations listed in Table 3 with y(α) based on Reaction II; (c) comparison of standard y(α) based on the equations listed in Table 3 with y(α) based on Reaction A; (d) comparison of standard y(α) based on the equations listed in Table 3 with y(α) based on Reaction B. Figure 5b,d show that the standard kinetic equations (Equations (15)- (22)) have an ideal linear relationship with Reaction II and B. They can be described by the same reaction mechanism.…”

Section: And 233 Then the Reaction Models/mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the value of the products of catalytic pyrolysis, carbon nanofibers obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene have good development prospects [19,20]. It is even possible to recover graphite or electrode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries via pyrolysis [21,22]. In addition, natural macromolecule materials such as coconut copra and rice husk can also produce useful pyrolysis products such as biochar [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Study on the Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Tread Compounds of Silica-Filled Discarded Car Tires

et al. 2020

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The disposal of used automobile tires is a major waste concern. Simply stacking tires and allowing them to decompose will harbor breeding mosquitoes that spread viruses, whereas burning them will release acidic and toxic gases. Therefore, one viable option is pyrolysis, where elevated temperatures are used to facilitate the decomposition of a material. However, the lack of theoretical support for pyrolysis technology limits the development of the pyrolysis industry when it comes to discarded tires. The purpose of this research is to put forward a brand-new multi-kinetic research method for studying materials with complex components through the discussion of various kinetic research methods. The characteristic of this kinetic research method is that it is a relatively complete theoretical system and can accurately calculate the three kinetic factors considered during the pyrolysis of multicomponent materials. The results show that the multi-kinetic research method can obtain the kinetic equation and reaction mechanism for the pyrolysis of tires with high accuracy. The pyrolysis process of this compound was divided into two stages, Reaction I and II, where the kinetic equation of Reaction I was f ( α ) = 0.2473 α − 3.0473 , with an activation energy of 155.26 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 5.88 × 109/min. Meanwhile, the kinetic equation of Reaction II was f ( α ) = 0.4142 ( 1 − α ) [ − ln ( 1 − α ) ] − 1.4143 , while its activation energy was 315.40 kJ/mol and its pre-exponential factor was 7.86 × 1017/min. Furthermore, based on the results of the research analysis, the reaction principles corresponding to Reaction I and Reaction II in the pyrolysis process of this compound were established.

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Section: And 233 Then the Reaction Models/mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: And 233 Then the Reaction Models/mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Study on the Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Tread Compounds of Silica-Filled Discarded Car Tires

et al. 2020

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“…Consequently, it is far from enough to use usual pretreatment methods such as discharge and mechanical crushing for waste battery before pyrometallurgy or hydrometallurgy. According to existing studies, pyrolysis was considered as an alternative pretreatment method for recycling spent LIBs, which can decompose the organic material such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at a high temperature (such as 600 • C) to facilitate the separation of powdered metal oxide on aluminum foils for subsequent hydrometallurgical processes [13,[32][33][34]. The separation of electrodes by pyrolysis is better than the binder removal by N-methylpyrolidinone (NMP) [18], which may affect the recycling of materials and produce wastewater [32,34,35].…”

Section: Emc (C 4 H 8 O 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two-Stage Pyrolysis Process for the End-Of-Life Nickel Cobalt Manganese Lithium Battery Recycling from Electric Vehicles

Zhu

Chen

2020

Sustainability

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With the continuous promotion of electric vehicles, the pressure to scrap vehicle batteries is increasing, especially in China, where nickel cobalt manganese lithium (NCM) batteries have gradually come to occupy a dominant position in the battery market. In this study, we propose a two-stage pyrolysis process for vehicle batteries, which aims to effectively deal with the volatilization of organic solvents, the decomposition of lithium salts in the electrolyte and the removal of the separator material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) during battery recycling. By solving these issues, recycling is more effective, safe. Through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the pyrolysis characteristics of the battery’s internal materials are discussed, and 150 °C and 450 °C were determined as the pyrolysis temperatures of the two-stage pyrolysis process. The results show that in the first stage of pyrolysis, organic solvents EC (C4H3O3), DEC (C5H10O3) and EMC (C4H8O3) can be separated from the electrolyte. In the second stage, the pyrolysis can lead to the separator’s thermal decomposition. The gas products are alkane C2-C6, and the tar products are organic hydrocarbons C15-C36. Meanwhile, the solid residue of the battery’s internal material seems to be very homogeneous. Finally, the potential recovery value and pollution control countermeasures of the products and residues from the pyrolysis process are analyzed. Consequently, this method can effectively handle NCM vehicle battery recycling, which provides the basis for the subsequent hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical process for element recovery of the battery material.

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“…Wang et al (2019) used a low-temperature molten salt technology to decompose PVDF. Wang et al (2018a) and Zhang et al (2018Zhang et al ( , 2019aZhang et al ( , 2019b applied pyrolysis treatment to remove PVDF. Understanding the thermal process of spent LIBs and probing its kinetic are significant for its large-scale treatment in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic modeling study on the combustion treatment of cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries

Yao

et al. 2019

Waste Manag Res

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Thermal treatment offers an alternative method for the separation of aluminum foil and cathode materials during spent lithium-ion batteries recycling. In this work, the combustion kinetic of cathode was studied based on six model-free (isoconversional) methods, namely Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Starink, Tang, and Boswell methods. The possible decomposition mechanism was also probed using a master-plots method (Criado method). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the whole thermal process could be divided into three stages with temperatures of 37–578°C, 578–849°C, and 849–1000°C. The activation energy ( Eα) derived from these model-free methods displayed the same trend, gradually increasing with a conversion range of 0.002–0.013, and significantly elevating beyond this range. The coefficients from the FWO method were larger, and the resulted Eα fell into the range of 10.992–40.298 kJ/mol with an average value of 20.228 kJ/mol. Comparing the theoretical master plots with an experimental curve, the thermal decomposition of cathode could be better described by the geometric contraction models.

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Application of mechanical crushing combined with pyrolysis-enhanced flotation technology to recover graphite and LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 149 publications

References 35 publications

Study on the Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Tread Compounds of Silica-Filled Discarded Car Tires

Study on the Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Tread Compounds of Silica-Filled Discarded Car Tires

Development of a Two-Stage Pyrolysis Process for the End-Of-Life Nickel Cobalt Manganese Lithium Battery Recycling from Electric Vehicles

Kinetic modeling study on the combustion treatment of cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries

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