Application of laser-arc hybrid welding of steel for low-temperature service

Bunaziv, Ivan; Akselsen, Odd M.; Frostevarg, Jan; Kaplan, Alexander

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03304-1

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…However, by increasing the thickness of the welding elements, the possibility of pores and hot cracks in the weld increases as well [78,79]. The second type of weld imperfections are more critical due to their sharpness [80,81].…”

Section: Figure 3 Geometric Characteristics Of the Hlaw Weld Cross-sections [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid laser arc welding: State of the art in technology

Petreski¹,

Runchev²,

Vrtanoski³

2021

Zavariv zavar konstrukcije

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Hybrid laser arc welding is complex process where two heat sources act simultaneously in a common weld pool. The synergy effect of laser beam and electric arc offers several advantages over other individual technological processes, such as: higher welding speed, increased productivity, deeper penetration, better gap bridging ability, stable process, less heat input to the welding material, etc. However, the combination of two heat sources in a single welding process leads to large number of parameters that need to be synchronized and optimized in order to obtain a perfect weld. This paper presents the current state of hybrid laser arc welding in terms of its development, industrial application and scientific research. The introduction part contains a general overview of the hybrid laser arc welding process, its advantages and operating principles, and chronological development. In the second part, welding parameters that directly influence on the hybrid process have been discussed. The third part presents the performance and weld qualities achieved by hybrid welding process in accordance with previous research. In the final part, examples of industrial application and conclusions for further research and development related to hybrid laser arc welding are given.

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Section: Figure 3 Geometric Characteristics Of the Hlaw Weld Cross-sections [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid laser arc welding: State of the art in technology

Petreski¹,

Runchev²,

Vrtanoski³

2021

Zavariv zavar konstrukcije

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show abstract

“…Excessive hardness can be mitigated by preheating [2,10] but it may be expensive and thus should be avoided. Additional heat from the arc as provided in LAHW can assist in high hardness mitigation [2,11]. Humping or melt dropping at root is challenging in full penetration single-pass welding case due to (i) complex physics of surface tension forces acting on molten metal and balance with counteracting gravity force, (ii) high temperatures and temperature dependent viscosity of molten metal, (iii) fluctuating pressures inside the keyhole [12][13][14] affecting keyhole geometry fluctuations [15], and (iv) high molten metal speeds flowing downwards to keyhole exit [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root formation and metallurgical challenges in laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding of thick structural steel

Bunaziv

Dørum

Nielsen

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Single-pass laser beam welding (LBW) of steel components with wall thickness of > 10 mm is of high interest due to enhanced productivity. Deep penetration LBW provides excessive hardness and certain quality issues such as root humping in flat position, which is associated with disability of surface tension to sustain melt dropout. High hardness is associated with fast cooling rates and shortage of filler wire transportation to the root of the fusion zone. Use of laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) can promote acicular ferrite by adding filler metal and additional heat input from the arc. However, LAHW may promote humping and adjustment of many parameters is required hindering its application. In this work, a 16 kW disk laser was used in butt welding of 12 mm and 15 mm thick plates with different bevelling geometries. Root humping occurred within a wide range of process parameters providing narrow process window. Twelve millimeter thick plates were successfully welded with a single-pass technique providing good quality of root by using zero air gap regardless bevelling geometry. Welding of 15 mm plates was more challenging, and the process was sensitive even with a slight parameter change. Improved results were achieved with application of small air gap. Acceptable hardness in both weld metal and heat affected zone (< 290 HV) was achieved for both plate thicknesses providing good toughness of minimum 27 J at −50°C.

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“…When compared with LBW, LAHW is a more advanced process due to the added arc source. It provides moderate cooling rate which can suppress high hardness [6], and the added filler wire can assist in developing more favorable microstructure [4]. Moreover, LAHW possesses better gap bridgeability and is more tolerant to misalignment [7] which is typical in a real manufacturing case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-arc hybrid welding of 12- and 15-mm thick structural steel

Bunaziv

Dørum

Nielsen

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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High-power lasers are very effective in welding of plates thicker than 10 mm due to the keyhole mode. High-power intensity generates a vapor-filled cavity which provides substantial penetration depth. Due to the narrow and deep weld geometry, there is susceptibility to high hardness and weld defects. Imperfections occur due to keyhole instability. A 16-kW disk laser was used for single-pass welding of 12-to 15-mm thick plates in a butt joint configuration. Root humping was the main imperfection and persisted within a wide range of process parameters. Added arc source to the laser beam process may cause increased root humping and sagging due to accelerated melt flow. Humping was mitigated by balancing certain arc and other process parameters. It was also found that lower welding speeds (< 1.2 m/min) combined with lower laser beam power (< 13 kW) can be more positive for suppression of humping. Machined edges provided more consistent root quality and integrity compared with plasma cut welded specimens. Higher heat input (> 0.80 kJ/mm) welds provided hardness level below 325 HV. The welded joints had good Charpy toughness at − 50°C (> 50 J) and high tensile strength.

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Application of laser-arc hybrid welding of steel for low-temperature service

Cited by 21 publications

References 126 publications

Hybrid laser arc welding: State of the art in technology

Hybrid laser arc welding: State of the art in technology

Root formation and metallurgical challenges in laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding of thick structural steel

Laser-arc hybrid welding of 12- and 15-mm thick structural steel

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