Application of Interlaminar Tests to Marine Composites. Relation between Glass Fibre/Polymer Interfaces and Interlaminar Properties of Marine Composites

Baley, Christophe; Grohens, Yves; Busnel, Frédéric; Davies, Peter

doi:10.1023/b:acma.0000012884.02847.65

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Washburn's law [51] describes the progression of a liquid in a Although Polyester and PLLA have similar surface energies at room temperature (γ polyester =30.7 mJ/m² [52] and γ PLLA between 25.1 and 42 mJ/m² [53,54]), very few data are available for PLLA surface energy at process temperature. The viscosity of polyester resin (around 0.5 Pa.s at room temperature) is much lower than that of PLLA (500 Pa.s at 190°C [5]).…”

Section: X-ray Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

PLLA/Flax Mat/Balsa Bio-Sandwich Manufacture and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2010

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This paper describes the manufacture and mechanical characterization of a sandwich material which is 100% bio-sourced. The flax mat/PLLA facings and balsa core can also be composted at end of service life. Manufacture is by vacuum bag moulding. The optimum moulding time and temperature are a compromise between ensuring good impregnation and avoiding degradation, and holding for 60 min at 180°C was found to be satisfactory. The mechanical properties of the bio-sandwich obtained are compared to those of a traditional glass reinforced polyester balsa sandwich. The flexural strength is 30% lower, as predicted based on the facing properties. Skin/core adhesion is also measured using debonding tests. Crack propagation occurs at the skin/core interface in the traditional sandwich but within the facing in the bio-sandwich. The impregnation of the core in the two materials is examined using X-ray micro-tomography.

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Section: X-ray Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

PLLA/Flax Mat/Balsa Bio-Sandwich Manufacture and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2010

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“…A specific case of examination in bending is the short-beam-strength (SBS) test, where specimen's deformation is largely reduced due to the ratio of span-to-thickness equal to 5 or less, and where the shear damage may dominate the failure process [16,17]. Several studies have shown that this test is very sensitive to the quality of fiber/matrix interface [18,19] and may be used as estimate of inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) due to ease of application [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Emission from Microcrack Initiation in Polymer Matrix Composites in Short Beam Shear Test

et al. 2018

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Acoustic emission (AE) was applied for detection of microcrack initiation in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites subjected to shear stresses. Experimental materials were prepared from polyester bonded unidirectional (1D) non-crimp fabric and 2D plain-weave carbon fiber fabrics, using the resin transfer moulding technology. Control of epoxy resin/carbon textile proportions enabled variation of fiber volume content from small (34/35% for 2D/1D), through medium (51%) to high (68%). Rectangular samples (45 × 4 × 2 mm) were cut from 1D plates along [0] and across [90] fibers. Similar size samples from 2D plates were cut along warp/weft axes as well as in two orthogonal bias directions. Selected side surfaces were polished for microscopic (SEM) observations. Short-beam-strength tests were performed in 3-point bending (l/h=4), with two AE sensors attached for damage monitoring, which allowed to interrupt loading sequence before final failure. The acoustic emission historic index was the most effective AE parameter in damage initiation control. Microcracks developing on polished composite side-surfaces were observed under the SEM and direct microscopic evidence confirmed fiber debonding to be the principal mechanism of crack initiation in these materials and testing conditions before any further damage.

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“…Barrier layers may also suffer from either abrasion by sand and grit suspended in the water or from surface cracking at strain levels likely to be experienced by marine renewable energy devices. Finally, it should be noted that it is very difficult to produce a barrier that can actually prevent diffusion of the small amount of moisture (1-2 %) required to saturate GFRP over the [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] year lifetime of these devices. Certainly the standard isophthalic polyester gelcoat is not capable of this level of performance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immersed Fatigue Performance of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Composites for Tidal Turbine Blade Applications

2016

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This work presents an experimental study on the fatigue of glass fibre-reinforced polymers (GFRP) for use in ocean energy structures, with particular emphasis on the effects of water saturation. Quasi-isotropic specimens with either epoxy or vinyl-ester matrix were reinforced with E-glass or E-CR glass and immersion-aged for a period of up to two and a half years, using a moderately accelerated ageing technique. A number of the specimens were kept under constant tensile stress while immersed. The water-saturated specimens were fatigue tested while immersed in water. Dry specimens of the same materials were also fatigue tested and comparative results are presented. It was established that moisture saturation has a detrimental stress-dependent effect on the fatigue strength of the epoxy/E-glass composite. The measured evolution of specimen stiffness during the fatigue cycles was similar for both dry and water-saturated coupons.

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Application of Interlaminar Tests to Marine Composites. Relation between Glass Fibre/Polymer Interfaces and Interlaminar Properties of Marine Composites

Cited by 35 publications

References 64 publications

PLLA/Flax Mat/Balsa Bio-Sandwich Manufacture and Mechanical Properties

PLLA/Flax Mat/Balsa Bio-Sandwich Manufacture and Mechanical Properties

Acoustic Emission from Microcrack Initiation in Polymer Matrix Composites in Short Beam Shear Test

Immersed Fatigue Performance of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Composites for Tidal Turbine Blade Applications

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