Application of Direct Cannulation and Injection Lymphangiography to the Study of the Canine Cardiac and Pulmonary Efferent Mediastinal Lymphatics

Leeds, Sanford E.; Uhley, Herman N.; Meister, Richard B.; Teleszky, Laszlo B.; Villaluna, Victor

doi:10.1097/00004424-197901000-00012

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We have demsonstrated lymphatic vessels draining each ventricle and flowing proximally to form right and left efferent lymph vessels which join to form a valved common efferent lymph trunk terminating in a cardiac lymph node. This anatomy is similar to that reported in humans (Feola et al, 1977) and dogs (Julien et al 1974;Leeds et al, 1979) and it is thus reasonable to assume that it subserves similar physiological functions in the three species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Lipoprotein composition and transport in the pig and dog cardiac lymphatic system.

Julien¹,

Downar²,

Ángel³

1981

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY The cardiac lymphatic system of pigs was found to consist of valved efferent lymph vessels draining into a cardiac lymph node, which is similar to the lymphatic system found in dog and man. The interstitial lipoproteins of the heart were studied by sampling cardiac efferent lymph in anesthetized fasting pigs (n -4) and dogs (n •• 5). In pigs, the lymph flow rate was 2.0 ± 0.7 ml/hr (mean ± SRM) and in dogs, 1.2 ± 0.3 ml/hr. The total cholesterol concentration was 54.9 ± 8.0 and 33.8 ± 6.3 mg per 100 ml in cardiac lymph of piga and dogs, respectively. The ratio of lymph :plasma cholesterol differed in the two species: 0.82 in pigs and 0.46 in dogs. More than 90% of cardiac lymph cholesterol was recovered in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and in low density lipoprotein (LDL) in both pigs and dogs. In pigs, LDL wag the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in plasma and lymph, whereas in canine plasma and lymph, this was HDL. The appearance of '"I-LDL in canine cardiac lymph following iv administration was rapid and reached a plateau by 1 hour. The t'A appearance of '"I-LDL in lymph was 5 minutes compared to tV4 clearance of plasma (rapid phase) of 44 minutes. The lymph: plasma ratio of LDL specific activity wai 0.48 ± 0.15, suggesting continuous addition of cold LDL in the interstitial space. The high concentration and turnover of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein in cardiac lymph suggest that the predilection of the coronary bed for atherosclerotic degeneration may be a function of the interstitial lipoprotein concentration and composition as well as the plasma concentration of lipoprotein species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Lipoprotein composition and transport in the pig and dog cardiac lymphatic system.

Julien¹,

Downar²,

Ángel³

1981

Circulation Research

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“…Supracardiac lymph originates not only from the heart but also from the pericardium, mediastinal tissue, and lung (19). Extracardiac contributions could dilute an increase in lysophosphoglycerides attributable to drainage of an ischemic region of the heart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiologic effects of intracellular lysophosphoglycerides and their accumulation in cardiac lymph with myocardial ischemia in dogs.

Akita

Creer²,

Yamada

et al. 1986

J. Clin. Invest.

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Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) accumulates in ischemic tissue, and exogenous LPC (20-100 MM) induces electrophysiologic alterations in vitro. However, to determine whether compartmentalization is critical, intracellular pressure microinjection of LPC was performed with simultaneous recording of the transmembrane action potential. Intracellular LPC in concentrations as high as 500 AM (n = 18), calculated based on calibration of injectate volume and cellular volume, did not induce electrophysiologic alterations. The concentrations and efflux of phospholipids and lysophospholipids were assessed in lymph obtained from the supracardiac lymph vessel in anesthetized dogs to assess the extent of extracellular accumulation. Prior to ischemia, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the major phospholipid in lymph (79±2%) with substantial quantities of sphingomyelin (11±2%) and LPC (6±1%). With ischemia, the concentration of LPC increased by 18%, and net efflux of LPC increased by 24% (P < 0.01) with no net efflux of PC or other assayed phospholipids. The calculated concentration of LPC increased from 84 to 197 MM in lymph within the ischemic region, a concentration sufficient to induce electrophysiologic derangements.

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“…The lymphatic capillary plexus is seen in the mid-myocardium and sub-endocardium with the subendocardial lymphatic capillary plexus lying parallel to the surface of the endocardium. The collecting lymphatic vessels can be seen in the sub-epicardium; they unite into single or multiple lymphatic trunks and subsequently proceed to the mediastinal lymphatic vessels which include the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Eventually, mediastinal lymphatic vessels merge into the subclavicular vein completing the lymph flow circulation.…”

Section: Self-protective Mechanism Of Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction Caused by Mediastinal Lymph Flow Impairment

Cui¹

2016

Journal of Respiratory Research

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The important effect of mediastinal lymph flow has been overlooked in most textbooks for over three centuries, and recent progresses in lymphatic vascular biology provide a new way to discover the effect of mediastinal lymph flow impairment. Different from conventional view about lymph flow impairment, which merely refers to tissue edema other than specific tissue or organ injury, mediastinal lymph flow impairment can bring a fatal consequence. Mediastinal lymph flow impairment may cause cardiopulmonary dysfunction by interrupting both the cardiac contraction manner of cardiomyocytes "asynchronized" contraction and pulmonary perivascular lymphatic remodeling.

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Application of Direct Cannulation and Injection Lymphangiography to the Study of the Canine Cardiac and Pulmonary Efferent Mediastinal Lymphatics

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Lipoprotein composition and transport in the pig and dog cardiac lymphatic system.

Lipoprotein composition and transport in the pig and dog cardiac lymphatic system.

Electrophysiologic effects of intracellular lysophosphoglycerides and their accumulation in cardiac lymph with myocardial ischemia in dogs.

Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction Caused by Mediastinal Lymph Flow Impairment

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