Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Rutin and Rosmarinic Acid from Satureja montana L. and Evaluation of the Extracts Antiradical Activity

Abstract

Satureja montana L. was used in the current research as the plant exhibits numerous health-promoting benefits due to its specific chemical composition. The extraction method based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was used for the extraction of rutin and rosmarinic acid from this plant. Five different choline chloride-based DESs with different volumes of water (10%, 30%, and 50% (v/v)) were used for the extraction at different temperatures (30, 50, and 70 °C) to investigate the influence on rosmarinic acid and rutin content obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) in the obtained extracts. A principal component analysis was employed to explore and visualize the influence of applied parameters on the efficiency of the extraction procedure of rutin and rosmarinic acid. Among the tested DESs, choline chloride:lactic acid (mole ratio 1:2) and choline chloride:levulinic acid (mole ratio 1:2) were the most suitable for the extraction of rutin, while for rosmarinic acid choline chloride:urea (mole ratio 1:2) was the most effective solvent. The extract showing the best antiradical activity was obtained with choline chloride:urea (mole ratio 1:1) at 30 °C and 50% H2O (v/v).

Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb

“…The obtained results are partly in line with the published studies earlier [ 2 , 9 , 30 ]. Kremer et al [ 9 ] identified six phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, p -coumaric, ellagic, rosmarinic and syringic acids) using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of S. montana.…”

“…López-Cobo et al and Jakovljević et al showed that water, ethanol in different concentrations 30%, 50%, 70%, and methanol extracted phenolic acids and flavonoids in the form of aglycons and glycosides. Moreover, the extent of the extraction depends on a solvent, its concentration, temperature, nature of a phenolic compound [ 28 , 30 ]. Furthermore, different authors differ in their opinions on an optimal solvent.…”

“…Kremer et al [ 9 ] identified six phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, p -coumaric, ellagic, rosmarinic and syringic acids) using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of S. montana. Amount of rosmarinic acid as a predominant compound of S. montana herb (0.21–7.84 µg/mg) depends on the used technological ways and solvents [ 30 ]. In ethylacetate and n -butanol extracts of S. montana the hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (protocatechuic, syringic and vanilic acids), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic, p -coumaric, and ferulic acids), (±)-catechin and (–)-epicatechin were identified [ 12 ].…”

“…Rutin was chosen as commercially available reference standard. Moreover, rutin [ 9 , 30 ] and flavonoids with quercetin aglycon were identified in S. montana [ 28 ].…”

Innovative Extraction Techniques Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Analytical Methods for the Isolation and Characterization of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Plant Material

“…However, the addition of water to the DES/NADES system should be done with caution, as a large excess of water could break the hydrogen bonds between the components and thus lose the eutectic properties of the solvent produced [78]. This is probably the reason why researchers have focused on optimizing the addition of water in the extraction process, usually by testing a content between 0% and 70% [68,71,[79][80][81]. In most of these studies a water content between 20% and 40% was determined as the optimum.…”