An inner-stiffened double-tube buckling-restrained brace (BRB) is proposed for 9 boiler steel plants in the low-to-medium seismicity regions. The test specimen is of 15.0 m 10 length, consisting of a 15.0 m inner tube with inner stiffeners at both ends and a 12.2 m outer 11 tube for lateral deformation restraint. The full-scale test was conducted to reproduce the 12 cyclic behaviour of the proposed double-tube steel BRB in the plant structures at a practical 13 manufacturing level. The structural performance of the proposed BRB under extremely low 14 cycle fatigue (ELCF), including the strength, deformation capacity, hysteretic response and 15 the failure mode, was investigated. The finite element (FE) model incorporating a material 16 fracture model was established and verified, which could predict the fracture initiation and 17 propagation accurately. The parametric study was carried out to further assess the influence 18 of the stiffener arrangement, material property, gap size and controlling metric of the 19 imperfection on the cyclic behaviour of the proposed BRB. The experimental and numerical 20investigations demonstrated that the proposed braces could achieve a stable and saturated 21 hysteretic curve. The failure mode was the stress concentration induced fracture which 22 initiated at the inner surface of the inner tube at the stiffener tips. On the basis of the 23 parametric study, the optimized BRB could achieve a high equivalent ratio of critical viscous 24 damping at the loading amplitude of 1/75L. 25