Application of Biofunctionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles Based-Sensing in Abused Drugs Diagnostics

Abstract

Real-time detection of substance use is an approach of high interest leading to the optimization of behavioral interventions and drug abuse intervention. The current methods in use suffer many limitations and need high logistical and laboratory requirements. Biosensors have shown a great potential in overcoming these limitations. In the present study, the electrochemical biosensor composed of a screen-printed electrode (SPE) was designed for the detection of synthetic cannabinoid (SC). Antibody-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles were also used to create a surface on the transducer with magnetic interactions in order to detect JWH-073 as a SC model. The use of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles to create working surfaces makes the electrode a reusable SPE which can be reutilized after the cleansing. To examine and observe any possible changes on the surface due to its interaction with the analyte, different electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectrometry were applied. Based on the obtained results, the linearity of the biosensor was found between 5 and 400 ng/mL, and the detection limit was calculated as 22 ng/mL (n = 6) using the 3 Sb/m formula. The biosensor functionality was studied in the presence of some related interferents that showed lower responses than JWH-073, thus demonstrating the good selectivity of the prepared biosensor. Finally, the sensory platform was used to test synthetic urine sample, and the results were compared with obtained results from liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS), which showed that the proposed method could be utilized to identify abuse drugs.

Dye-Loaded Polymersome-Based Lateral Flow Assay: Rational Design of a COVID-19 Testing Platform by Repurposing SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Cocktail and Antigens Obtained from Positive Human Samples

“…We have shown in an earlier work that SPE-MNP biosensors possess a high sensitivity for selective and specific detection of biomolecules. 12 Both purified antibodies and antigens were analyzed via SDS-PAGE. Although the purified antibodies contain IgG (monomer) and IgA (monomer or dimer), the reduction by SDS in the electrophoresis demonstrates two bands of ∼50 and ∼25 kDa corresponding to the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins ( Figure 1 H).…”

On‐Site Testosterone Biosensing for Doping Detection: Electrochemical Immunosensing via Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Screen‐Printed Electrodes

“…After these ten successive measurements with a dose of 250 ng/mL of testosterone, the sensor showed great repeatability giving a value of 247.45±17 ng/mL and 2.7 % coefficient of variations (c.v) (Figure 3A). The combination of SPE electrodes and functionalized MNPs in portable biosensors have been shown to possess high reproducibility and sensitivity to analytes [13a] …”

Multifunctional Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Combining various antibodies with magnetic nanoparticles in an appropriate manner can yield a significantly good performance in diagnostics, therapeutics, and theranostics [50]. In a recent report, Timur and coworkers described a biosensor for JWH-073 cannabinoid detection using anti-K2 antibody-immobilized iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-K2), as outlined in Figure 11 [40]. Testing of the sensing device showed a linear relationship between the response signal and the concentration of JWH-073 used in the test run, as shown in Figure 12a.…”

“…Moreover, a strong selectivity for JWH-073 by the MNP-K2 sensor was also observed in the presence of possible interferents, such as benzoylecgonine (BE), methamphetamine (METH), nicotine, and cotinine (Figure 12b). Adapted with permission from reference [40]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.…”