Application of a novel active envelope load pull architecture in large signal device characterization

Williams, T.; Benedikt, J.; Tasker, P.J.

doi:10.1109/eumc.2005.1608932

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although only a few papers describe and compare the different measurement setups to measure the nonlinear behavior of systems [28], [30], a lot of papers demonstrate all kinds of applications [28]- [31], which are based on CW measurements performed using the LSNA or the NVNA: power amplifier measurements [32], load-pull measurements [33]- [35].…”

Section: Nonlinear Continuous Wave Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NVNA versus LSNA: enemies or friends?

Moer¹,

Gomme

2010

IEEE Microwave

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N onlinearities are becoming very hot! After some years of hesitation, the high-frequency measurement world fi nally has acknowledged the need to measure the nonlinear behavior of a device or system correctly. Pushed by the modeling world, which clearly needs good nonlinear measurements to obtain good nonlinear models, some "nonlinear" measurement instruments were developed. Two different approaches to design a measurement instrument that is able to measure the nonlinear time domain waveforms correctly can be followed: a samplerbased methodology or a mixer-based methodology.Wendy Van Moer (wendy.vanmoer@vub.ac.be) and Liesbeth Gommé are with Vrije Universiteit Brussel, , over the years, both of the terms LSNA and NVNA have been used interchangeably to describe these and other similar instruments capable of measuring the vector nonlinear behavior of devices, circuits, and systems. A group of interested users formed the NVNA Users' Forum in 2002 to discuss measurement issues related to this broad class of instrumentation. The group currently meets each year at IMS, EuMW, and the fall ARFTG Microwave Measurement conference. For more information, visit http://www.arftg.org/about_ lsna.html.

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Section: Nonlinear Continuous Wave Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NVNA versus LSNA: enemies or friends?

Moer¹,

Gomme

2010

IEEE Microwave

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“…The measurement and characterization of the nonlinear behavior of devices and components are one of many challenges an RF designer has to meet and in which the large-signal network analyzer (LSNA [1][2][3][4]) plays a key role. The LSNA can be considered as an absolute fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyzer for RF waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time domain model validation of a nonlinear block-oriented structure

Gomme¹,

Rolain²,

Schoukens³

et al. 2009

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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A crystal detector is studied as a valid candidate reference element for the phase calibration of the large-signal network analyzer (LSNA) for modulated excitations. However, one cannot use a crystal detector straightforwardly as a phase reference element, since a crystal detector inherently introduces phase distortions. Hence, the identification and validation of a parametric black-box model of the detector is needed. In this work, a nonlinear feedback model for a crystal detector is constructed: the model contains a low-pass filter in the feedforward path and a Wiener system in the feedback loop. The model is estimated from baseband data and needs to be validated for use with high-frequency signals: the model needs to be extrapolated to RF frequencies, which is quite an arduous task. The validation of the extrapolated model is performed using two approaches: (i) the RF narrow band modulated signal is applied to the extrapolated model structure and the output signal is computed; (ii) the physical representation of the model structure is translated into its differential equation and by means of this equation, the low-frequency output envelope is computed for RF input signals. The second approach requires a slight modification of the extracted model compared to the model used in the first approach, with respect to the function describing the static nonlinear behavior. The deviation between the modeled output envelope and the measured output envelope is evaluated for both approaches. The method (ii) that computes the output of the detector in the time domain by means of solving a differential equation that characterizes the identified nonlinear feedback model gives the overall best results for predicting the magnitude and the phase of the detector output spectrum and the amplitude behavior of the time domain output waveform. The mean deviation in magnitude between the modeled and measured envelope equals 2.6 dB. This approach significantly outperforms the first method (i) as the mean deviation between the phase of the modeled and measured envelope equals 8.2°.

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This paper introduces a crystal detector as a new calibration standard for large signal analysis [1][2][3][4]. By means of the detector as a reference element one can calibrate the phase distortion of the large signal network analyser (LSNA) on a dense frequency grid.

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confidence: 99%