Application of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan for the analysis of propafenone and diltiazem hydrochlorides using kinetic spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods

Abstract

KEYWORDSSeveral simple, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of propafenone HCl and diltiazem HCl using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) accompanied with kinetic study, either in pure form or in pharmaceutical preparations. In this work, the cited drugs react with (NBD-Cl) in presence of borate buffer of pH = 7.6 at a fixed time of 30 minutes on thermostated water bath at (75-80 °C). The absorbance was measured using spectrophotometric technique at 489 and 481 nm for propafenone HCl and diltiazem HCl, respectively, or by using spectrofluorimetric technique after dilution at the specific wavelength of excitation and emission.The calibration curves were linear in the range of 4-44, 16-96 µg/mL when using spectrophotometric method, and 0.4-3.6, 1.6-8.8 µg/mL when spectrofluorimetric method was applied for propafenone HCl and diltiazem HCl, respectively. The limit of quantitation and the limit of detection were also calculated. The methods were applied successfully to commercial dosage form and can be further applied for their determination on a large scale in quality control laboratories. The obtained results statistically agreed with those obtained by reference methods. The determination of the studied drugs by the fixed concentration and rate constant methods is feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed time method proves to be more applicable.Diltiazem HCl Propafenone HCl Spectroflourimetric Spectrophotometric Kinetic determination 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan

An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique

“…Many research papers have described the spectrophotometric methods for the detection of diltiazem in raw materials and different pharmaceutical formulations. Recently Ayad et al [30] established a method by kinetic spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric technique using NBD-Cl (4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzene-2oxa-1,3-diazole). The reported method has many advantages in contrast with other methods in terms of sensitivity and selectivity by way of high-quality precision and accuracy.…”

An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique

“…Many research papers have described the spectrophotometric methods for the detection of diltiazem in raw materials and different pharmaceutical formulations. Recently Ayad et al [30] established a method by kinetic spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric technique using NBD-Cl (4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzene-2oxa-1,3-diazole). The reported method has many advantages in contrast with other methods in terms of sensitivity and selectivity by way of high-quality precision and accuracy.…”

Utility of native emission quenching of erythrosine B for the determination of diltiazem in different dosage forms

“…The commercial DLZ dosage formulations were thoroughly analyzed using the established assay procedure. Statistical analysis, including t ‐tests and F ‐tests, was conducted to compare the percent recovery values obtained from the newly developed fluorimetric system and a previously published approach [16]. The calculated t ‐ and F ‐values, at a 95% confidence level, were lower than the hypothesized values, indicating that there were no significant differences between the developed spectroscopic approach and the previously described technique in terms of precision or accuracy (as observed in Table 4).…”

Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Diphenhydramine in Real Samples

“…Some of the reported methods have limitations such as time-consuming procedures, interference from substances and/or relatively high cost of instrumentation. Kinetic spectrophotometry methods have comparable levels of accuracy and sensitivity to the methods above mentioned and have been used in the quantification of different pharmaceutical analytes in different matrices [39][40][41][42][43]. In these methods, the absorbance variation in the time is measured under nonequilibrium conditions.…”

An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique

“…Many research papers have described the spectrophotometric methods for the detection of diltiazem in raw materials and different pharmaceutical formulations. Recently Ayad et al [30] established a method by kinetic spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric technique using NBD-Cl (4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzene-2oxa-1,3-diazole). The reported method has many advantages in contrast with other methods in terms of sensitivity and selectivity by way of high-quality precision and accuracy.…”

Utility of native emission quenching of erythrosine B for the determination of diltiazem in different dosage forms

“…The commercial DLZ dosage formulations were thoroughly analyzed using the established assay procedure. Statistical analysis, including t ‐tests and F ‐tests, was conducted to compare the percent recovery values obtained from the newly developed fluorimetric system and a previously published approach [16]. The calculated t ‐ and F ‐values, at a 95% confidence level, were lower than the hypothesized values, indicating that there were no significant differences between the developed spectroscopic approach and the previously described technique in terms of precision or accuracy (as observed in Table 4).…”

Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Diphenhydramine in Real Samples

“…Some of the reported methods have limitations such as time-consuming procedures, interference from substances and/or relatively high cost of instrumentation. Kinetic spectrophotometry methods have comparable levels of accuracy and sensitivity to the methods above mentioned and have been used in the quantification of different pharmaceutical analytes in different matrices [39][40][41][42][43]. In these methods, the absorbance variation in the time is measured under nonequilibrium conditions.…”

An Overview of Analytical Determination of Diltiazem, Cimetidine, Ranitidine, and Famotidine by UV Spectrophotometry and HPLC Technique

“…Many research papers have described the spectrophotometric methods for the detection of diltiazem in raw materials and different pharmaceutical formulations. Recently Ayad et al [30] established a method by kinetic spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric technique using NBD-Cl (4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzene-2oxa-1,3-diazole). The reported method has many advantages in contrast with other methods in terms of sensitivity and selectivity by way of high-quality precision and accuracy.…”

Utility of native emission quenching of erythrosine B for the determination of diltiazem in different dosage forms

“…The commercial DLZ dosage formulations were thoroughly analyzed using the established assay procedure. Statistical analysis, including t ‐tests and F ‐tests, was conducted to compare the percent recovery values obtained from the newly developed fluorimetric system and a previously published approach [16]. The calculated t ‐ and F ‐values, at a 95% confidence level, were lower than the hypothesized values, indicating that there were no significant differences between the developed spectroscopic approach and the previously described technique in terms of precision or accuracy (as observed in Table 4).…”

Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Diphenhydramine in Real Samples

“…Some of the reported methods have limitations such as time-consuming procedures, interference from substances and/or relatively high cost of instrumentation. Kinetic spectrophotometry methods have comparable levels of accuracy and sensitivity to the methods above mentioned and have been used in the quantification of different pharmaceutical analytes in different matrices [39][40][41][42][43]. In these methods, the absorbance variation in the time is measured under nonequilibrium conditions.…”