Application and optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of new skin-lightening cosmetic materials from Ixora javanica flower

Abstract

The high demand for cosmetics has had a great impact on the development of innovative products in the cosmetic industry. The availability of raw materials has become a common problem in the cosmetic industry. Materials from nature can act as alternative sources, such as Ixora javanica. Several studies have shown the potential of I. javanica as an antioxidant and skin lightening agent. The objectives of the present study were to develop and optimize a green ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of I. javanica. Eleven deep eutectic solvents were evaluated based on extraction efficiency parameters; that is, flavonoid and anthocyanin yields; the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts. The combination of choline chloride and propylene glycol (1:1) was shown to be the optimal deep eutectic solvent for I. javanica extraction. The extraction parameters of temperature, extraction time, and solid-to-liquid ratio were also optimized using response surface methodology. The total flavonoid compound obtained was 33 mg quercetin equivalent/g dried sample under the optimum extraction condition (extraction time of 5 min, temperature of 57 °C, solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.02 g/mL). In sum, this work demonstrates the potential of natural deep eutectic solvent as an organic solvent replacement to obtain high quality Ixora javanica extract, which is a potential new source of skin-lightening cosmetic materials.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Combination: A Green Strategy to Improve the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco

“…To the best of our knowledge, no published studies regarding AChE and BChE inhibition capacity of NADES itself or NADES extracts were found in the literature. Only one study was found about the Tyr inhibition capacity of Ixora javanica flower extracts obtained with various DES [ 59 ].…”

Optimization Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Anthocyanins from Raspberry Using Response Surface Methodology Coupled with Genetic Algorithm

“…Anthocyanins were extracted using UADESE in accordance with a previously described method, with some modifications [ 22 ]. The lyophilized raspberry powders were mixed with the prepared DESs under different solid-to-liquid ratios and carried out using RY-TQ-C ultrasound equipment (Beijing, China).…”

A green extraction design for enhancing flavonoid compounds from Ixora javanica flowers using a deep eutectic solvent

“…The selection of HBA and HBD should be adjusted to the target compound according to the ‘like dissolve like’ principle. Our previous study reported that a combination of choline chloride as an HBA and propylene glycol as an HBD offers the most effective flavonoid extraction from I. javanica flowers out of 11 other types of DES [ 17 ]. In the extraction process, the viscosity of DES is a common problem [ 24 ].…”

“…The total levels of flavonoids in the extracts were determined using the method applied in the previous study with very slight modifications [ 17 ]. About 1.0 ml of each extract's filtrates was mixed with 1.5 ml of 0.33% AlCl 3 and 1.5 ml of 10% acetic acid solution.…”

“…To date, studies related to the application of DES and UAE for I. javanica flower extraction are limited. In our previous study, we were able to optimize the extraction variables, including extraction time, solid-to-liquid ratio and temperature, to obtain the maximum flavonoid compounds using the response surface method [ 17 ]. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies reporting the optimum level of water in DES needed to increase the effectivity of DES in flavonoid compound extraction from I. javanica flowers.…”