Apple necrotic mosaic virus, a novel ilarvirus from mosaic-diseased apple trees in Japan and China

Determination of Protein Interactions among Replication Components of Apple Necrotic Mosaic Virus

“…Moreover, the first 115 amino acids of 2a pol were sufficient for permitting the 1a-2a pol interaction. This study provides insight into the protein interactions among viral replication components of ApNMV, facilitating future investigations on its pathogenicity, as well as the development of strategies to control the virus and disease.Viruses 2020, 12, 474 2 of 15 caused by apple mosaic disease, as previous work has shown that the net photosynthetic rate of leaves with mosaic symptoms is decreased to from approximately 3% to more than 45% [8].In a long period, apple mosaic virus (ApMV), belonging to the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae [9], was traditionally believed to be the sole causal agent of apple mosaic disease until prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) [10,11], cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) [12], and apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) [13,14] were also reported to be associated with this disease. Specifically, 90% of the detected apple tree leaves (111 samples collected from different regions of China) with mosaic symptoms were infected with PNRSV, while ApMV was detected in none of them [11].…”

“…Furthermore, ApNMV was detected in 92.1% (268 out of 291 apple trees from different regions of China) of symptomatic trees, while ApMV was detected in none of them [14]. Moreover, the distribution of ApNMV was correlated with the symptomatic leaves, and these leaves were unevenly distributed in diseased apple trees [13]. In addition, ApNMV has also been reported to be isolated from crabapple (Malus spp.)…”

“…Thus, in China, ApMV is not the only agent that can induce mosaic symptoms, as PNRSV and especially ApNMV, are also associated with apple mosaic disease. However, the induction of mosaic symptoms by ApNMV has not been verified via Koch's Postulates [16], classical criteria for directly linking a specific pathogen with its corresponding symptom.ApNMV was first reported to be associated with the apple mosaic disease by a Japanese group [13]. ApNMV, along with ApMV and PNRSV, is classified into subgroup 3 in the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae [13].…”

“…However, the induction of mosaic symptoms by ApNMV has not been verified via Koch's Postulates [16], classical criteria for directly linking a specific pathogen with its corresponding symptom.ApNMV was first reported to be associated with the apple mosaic disease by a Japanese group [13]. ApNMV, along with ApMV and PNRSV, is classified into subgroup 3 in the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae [13]. Similar to other ilarviruses, ApNMV contains three positive single-strand genomic RNA segments (RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3) and a subgenomic RNA4 that derived from RNA3 [13,14].…”

“…ApNMV, along with ApMV and PNRSV, is classified into subgroup 3 in the genus Ilarvirus in the family Bromoviridae [13]. Similar to other ilarviruses, ApNMV contains three positive single-strand genomic RNA segments (RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3) and a subgenomic RNA4 that derived from RNA3 [13,14]. The protein encoded by RNA1 contains an N-terminal methyltransferase (MET) domain and a C-terminal NTP-binding helicase (HEL) domain.…”