Apparent Red Clover Nitrogen Credit to Corn: Evaluating Cover Crop Introduction

Gentry, Lowell E.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Price, Richard F.; Gentry, Laura F.

doi:10.2134/agronj2013.0089

Cited by 48 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Spring and fall biomass values of RC in the current study were 4059 and 6796 kg ha −1 , which were greater than the values reported for RC (734–3140 kg ha −1 ) from a similar soil within ∼90 km of this field site (Coombs et al, 2017) as well as greater than the 690 to 4200 kg ha −1 reported in temperate climates (Snapp et al, 2005; Gaudin et al (2013, 2014). Coombs et al (2017) noted that when RC was left alive over winter, biomass was increased relative to the fall biomass in Ontario (Vyn et al, 2000; Gaudin et al, 2013; Thilakarathna et al, 2015) as well as in Ohio and Michigan (Henry et al, 2010; Gentry et al, 2013). Over winter increase of RC biomass also occurred in this study with the average biomass of 4059 kg ha −1 in the fall increasing to 6796 kg ha −1 in the following spring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume Cover Crops Provide Nitrogen to Corn During a Three‐Year Transition to Organic Cropping

et al. 2019

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Crop yields are often lower during the "three-year transition" period from conventional to organic production systems. This paper presents the results from an organic cropping trial which used summer-seeded legume cover crops as the primary N source for corn in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The cover crop treatments included crimson clover (CC, Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch (HV, Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense L.). Also included were a conventional control (CKC, with synthetic fertilizers) and an organic control (CKO, no synthetic fertilizer) without cover crops. The objectives were to determine the N and C accumulation in the legume above-ground biomass; the impacts of cover crops on residual soil mineral N (RSN) in late fall and on crop grain yields during the 3-yr transition period. Compared to CKC, cover crops left less RSN (51 kg N ha -1 less) in the soil profile (0-90 mm) by late November. In early May before plow-down, significantly more above-ground biomass was found for HV (3313 kg C ha -1 , 240 kg N ha -1 ) and RC (2766 kg C ha -1 , 199 kg N ha -1 ) than for CC (1787 kg C ha -1 , 119 kg N ha -1 ). In the three-year transition period, average corn grain yields were 13.1 and 13. 0 Mg ha -1 for HV and RC which were similar (P = 0.05) to CKC (13.8 Mg ha -1 ) but greater than CKO (6.4 Mg ha -1 ) (P = 0.05). This study highlighted the effectiveness of using HV or RC as a primary N source for organic corn production in southwestern Ontario.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume Cover Crops Provide Nitrogen to Corn During a Three‐Year Transition to Organic Cropping

et al. 2019

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“…Corn N biomass (109.1-148.1 kg ha −1 ) and grain yield (5800-7200 kg ha −1 ) were increased by including red clover when compared to fallow [26]. Nitrogen credit from red clover (30-48 kg N ha −1 ) was similar across management type with the first year of introduction to the conventional system providing an apparent 55 kg N ha −1 [27]. Relay-cropping increased the average return to N investments across the N fertility gradient when estimating N and forage values of red clover biomass (265-1380 kg ha −1 ) compared to wheat [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Wheat Row Spacing and Alternative Crop Effects on Relay-Intercrop, Double-Crop, and Wheat Yields

Sandler

Nelson

Dudenhoeffer

2015

International Journal of Agronomy

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In Missouri as well as much of the Midwest, the most popular double-cropping system was winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) followed by soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr). These two crops can also be used in an intercrop system, but optimal row spacing was important to increase crop productivity. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) winter wheat inter- and double-crop production systems, using a variety of alternative crops, and (2) the impact of different wheat row spacings on intercrop establishment and yields within the various cropping systems. Field research was conducted during droughts in 2012 and 2013. Spacing of wheat rows impacted wheat yields by 150 kg ha−1, as well as yields of the alternative crops. Narrower row spacings (150 kg ha−1) and the double-crop system (575 kg ha−1) increased yield due to the lack of interference for resources with wheat in 2013. Land equivalent ratio (LER) values determining productivity of intercrop systems of 19 and 38 cm row showed an advantage for alternative crops in 2013, but not 2012. This signified that farmers in Northeast Missouri could potentially boost yield potential for a given field and produce additional forage or green manure yields in a year with less severe drought.

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“…Corn is often planted following a red clover cover crop to utilize available N. Several researchers have shown greater corn N uptake and/or yield following a clover cover crop compared with no cover (Torbert and Reeves, 1991; Dapaah and Vyn, 1998; Vyn et al, 2000; Gentry et al, 2013). One season of clover increased residual soil inorganic N for at least 2 yr following incorporation compared with synthetic N (Harris et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One season of clover increased residual soil inorganic N for at least 2 yr following incorporation compared with synthetic N (Harris et al, 1994). However, a long‐term clover stand did not have an additive effect on soil N compared with a single season of red clover planted as a cover crop (Gentry et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%