Apoptotic Mediators are Upregulated in the Skeletal Muscle of Chronic/Progressive Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Parkinson disease is characterized by skeletal muscle abnormalities. The aim of this study is to illustrate the impact of PD induction on the expression of apoptotic mediators. Twenty normal albino mice were randomly selected and equally divided in control and PD groups. Chronic Parkinsonism was induced in the PD group using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and probenecid (MPTP/p). After that, samples from gastrocnemius muscles were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of p53 and active caspase-3 in the two groups of animals. P53 and active caspase-3 expression was significantly higher in gastrocnemius skeletal muscle in PD mice compared with that in the control mice (P value <0.01). Furthermore, we show PD gastrocnemius muscle atrophy measured by significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Thus, our present data suggest that PD induction increased the expression of the apoptotic mediators p53 and active caspase-3 in gastrocnemius muscle, indicating the induction of apoptosis, which was correlative with gastrocnemius muscle atrophy subsequent to the induction of PD.

What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson’s Disease?

“…This is consistent with previous studies that skeletal muscle fibers are capable of producing proinflammatory factors [118,127]. These proinflammatory cytokines are overexpressed in PD-induced skeletal muscle cells [116,128,129]. However, after physical training, overexpressed inflammatory cytokines are inhibited in aging skeletal muscle [64,122].…”

MPP+ Attenuates the Inhibition of p53 by Parkin in SH-SY5Y Cells

“…through a variety of signaling pathways [10]. Many studies have demonstrated that abnormalities in p53 protein promote the development of PD by targeting the regulation of apoptosis-related genes [11,12]. Induction of apoptosis is an important mechanism by which p53 exerts tumor suppressor function in cancer [13,14].…”

Association of Parkinson Disease Induction with Cardiac Upregulation of Apoptotic Mediators P53 and Active Caspase-3: An Immunohistochemistry Study

“…Animal-related protocols were carried out according to the recommendations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Jordan University of Science and Technology. A previously described protocol was used to induce chronic Parkinson disease in the mice [27,28]. In summary, intraperitoneal doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) and subcutaneous doses of probenecid (250 mg/kg) were administered in PD mice every 3.5 days for 5 weeks.…”

“…Then, serial longitudinal 4-μm–thick paraffin-embedded sections were cut. The sections were processed via immunohistochemistry according to previously described protocols [28,30–36]. To summarize, the sections were firstly deparaffinized and rehydrated.…”

“…Data were collected as described previously [28,30–36]. Briefly, 10 sections from each animal in each group were tested microscopically and photographed using a digital camera.…”