Apoptotic-like PCD inducing HRC gene when silenced enhances multiple disease resistance in plants

Kushalappa, Ajjamada C.; Hegde, Niranjan; Gunnaiah, Raghavendra; Sathe, A.; Yogendra, Kalenahalli N.; Ajjamada, L.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24831-0

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Plants possessing functional HRC genes exhibited susceptibility, while those with mutated HRC alleles displayed resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat [38]. Similarly, silencing the HRC gene enhanced multiple disease resistance in potatoes [39]. Additionally, the HRC protein was characterized in Leymus chinensis (LcHRC), where it modulates abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene expression through interaction with the histone deacetylation protein (AtPWWP3) [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Sugarcane Proteins Associated with Defense against Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, Agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease

Zhang,

Liang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plants

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Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop and one of the leading energy-producing crops in the world. Ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, poses a huge threat to ratoon crops, causing a significant yield loss in sugarcane. Breeding resistant varieties is considered the most effective and fundamental approach to control RSD in sugarcane. The exploration of resistance genes forms the foundation for breeding resistant varieties through molecular technology. The pglA gene is a pathogenicity gene in L. xyli subsp. xyli, encoding an endopolygalacturonase. In this study, the pglA gene from L. xyli subsp. xyli and related microorganisms was analyzed. Then, a non-toxic, non-autoactivating pglA bait was successfully expressed in yeast cells. Simultaneously the yeast two-hybrid library was generated using RNA from the L. xyli subsp. xyli-infected sugarcane. Screening the library with the pglA bait uncovered proteins that interacted with pglA, primarily associated with ABA pathways and the plant immune system, suggesting that sugarcane employs these pathways to respond to L. xyli subsp. xyli, triggering pathogenicity or resistance. The expression of genes encoding these proteins was also investigated in L. xyli subsp. xyli-infected sugarcane, suggesting multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms in the interaction between sugarcane and L. xyli subsp. xyli. This work promotes the understanding of plant–pathogen interaction and provides target proteins/genes for molecular breeding to improve sugarcane resistance to L. xyli subsp. xyli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Sugarcane Proteins Associated with Defense against Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, Agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease

Zhang,

Liang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…(2010), we propose the following model for FHB susceptibility and type II FHB resistance in wheat 48 hpi with Fg (Figure 3). In a susceptible host pathogen interaction, fungal infection activates plant immune responses such as the influx of calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) and ROS burst (Kushalappa et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022), which in turn triggers the synthesis of DON by upregulating the TRI genes of Fg and the release of DON into the plant cell. Levels of DON in the plant cell remain high, even though gene expression levels for the enzymes involved in conjugating and sequestering DON are elevated, and DON3G accumulates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying mechanisms of FHB susceptibility and resistance in wheat: Insights from a transcriptome‐based analysis

et al. 2023

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Over the last two decades, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance have been identified and, in a few cases, resolved to the underlying genes. These results have not consistently translated into better FHB‐resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, nor have they necessarily extended our understanding of how resistance to FHB can be achieved. Despite considerable efforts, FHB remains a serious disease in many wheat‐growing regions. To gain insights into the underlying biology, we examined the wheat transcriptome at a key FHB developmental time point—the switch from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase—in both highly resistant (AAC Tenacious) and highly susceptible (Wilkin) spring wheat cultivars. Sequestering of deoxynivalenol (DON) does not appear to differentiate the resistant from the susceptible response. Instead, our findings suggest that true resistance to FHB requires the plant to downregulate or limit two pathways that are normally associated with disease resistance responses: programmed cell death (PCD) and the generation/accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using a stringent RNA‐Seq analysis targeting the transition period of the pathogen from its biotrophic phase to its necrotrophic phase, we show that susceptibility to FHB relies on the pathogen's ability to highjack the PCD response, consistent with other necrotrophs. In contrast, the resistance response to FHB relies on the plant's ability to suppress its PCD response and limit the ROS accumulation/production that is necessary for production of DON by the pathogen.

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“…In parallel to TUNEL, the nuclei are stained with a second DNA marker, e.g., 4 ′ ,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), to enable the calculation of the percentage of damaged nuclei. The TUNEL assay was originally developed by Gorczyca et al (1992) [72] and has been widely used for PCD investigations in plants since the study by O'Brien (1997) [73] (for recent analyses see [74][75][76][77]). Apoptotic-like DNA fragmentation can be estimated both on the basis of DNA laddering, and on the TUNEL assay.…”

Section: Methods For Precise Detection Of Genomic Dna Breakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Comet Assay: Multifaceted Options for Studies of Plant Stress Response

Tyutereva,

Strizhenok,

Kiseleva

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Contrarily to chronic stresses, acute (i.e., fast and dramatic) changes in environmental factors like temperature, radiation, concentration of toxic substances, or pathogen attack often lead to DNA damage. Some of the stress factors are genotoxic, i.e., they damage the DNA via physical interactions or via interference with DNA replication/repair machinery. However, cytotoxic factors, i.e., those that do not directly damage the DNA, can lead to secondary genotoxic effects either via the induction of the production of reactive oxygen, carbon, or nitrogen species, or via the activation of programmed cell death and related endonucleases. The extent of this damage, as well as the ability of the cell to repair it, represent a significant part of plant stress responses. Information about DNA damage is important for physiological studies as it helps to understand the complex adaptive responses of plants and even to predict the outcome of the plant’s exposure to acute stress. Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) provides a convenient and relatively inexpensive tool to evaluate DNA strand breaks in the different organs of higher plants, as well as in unicellular algae. Comet assays are widely used in ecotoxicology and biomonitoring applications; however, they are still relatively rarely used in physiological studies. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic principles and of useful variations of the protocols of Comet assays, as well as of their use in plant studies, in order to encourage plant physiologists to include this tool in the analysis of plant stress responses.

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Apoptotic-like PCD inducing HRC gene when silenced enhances multiple disease resistance in plants

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Screening of Sugarcane Proteins Associated with Defense against Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, Agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease

Screening of Sugarcane Proteins Associated with Defense against Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, Agent of Ratoon Stunting Disease

Underlying mechanisms of FHB susceptibility and resistance in wheat: Insights from a transcriptome‐based analysis

Comet Assay: Multifaceted Options for Studies of Plant Stress Response

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