Apoptosis: a general comment

Alles, Ajit J.; Alley, Keith E.; Barrett, J. C.; Buttyan, Ralph; Columbano, Amedeo; Cope, Frederick O.; Copelan, EA; Duke, Richard C.; Farel, P. B.; Gershenson, L. E.; Goldgaber, Dmitry; Green, D. R.; Honn, K. V.; Hully, James R.; Isaacs, John T.; Kerr, Judith; Krammer, Peter H.; Lockshin, Richard A.; Martin, David P.

doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.8.2022310

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…During animal development, PCD eliminates unwanted cells through a molecular machinery of caspases (cysteine aspertases) which cleave themselves and the key cellular structures, killing the cell neatly and quickly (Chinnaiyan and Dixit 1996). Since the dead cells are cleared by phagocytes to avoid the hazards of necrosis and inflammation in the tissue, Alles et al (1991) prefer to use the term 'programmed cell deletion' emphasising the disposal of dead cells as a distinctive part of the process. Although plants may share certain morphological features of PCD in animals (Levine et al 1996), molecular machinery like caspases or phagocytosis of dead cells as in animals are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective cell elimination during microsporogenesis in sedges

Ranganath

Nagashree

2000

Sex Plant Reprod

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The underlying mechanisms responsible for elimination of three of the four meiotic products during microsporogenesis in sedges have remained obscure. Although programmed cell death (PCD) is known to be an integral part of plant development, several aspects, such as the enormous size difference between functional and eliminated cells, nuclear viability of the smaller cells targetted for elimination and the possible dangers of employing PCD-like mechanisms during gametophyte development point to a novel way of selective cell elimination associated with asymmetric division. This paper throws some light on the possible roles of cell plate dynamics and cell fate determinants in pseudomonad development. The rarity and significance of asymmetric division with morphogenetic consequences associated with meiosis are discussed in the context of generally prevalent, mitosisassociated asymmetric divisions during development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective cell elimination during microsporogenesis in sedges

Ranganath

Nagashree

2000

Sex Plant Reprod

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“…Disruption of DNA leads to increase in intracellular free radicals and dysfunction of Na-K pump and cellular permeability. The overall effect of these changes in response to radiation is induction of apoptosis process along with increased ions [34][35][36]. Accordingly, we recorded increased Na, K, and Ca concentrations in cellular fluid without significant cytotoxicity in response to low-dose radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Once the Light Touch to the Brain: Cytotoxic Effects of Low-Dose Gamma-Ray, Laser Light, and Visible Light on Rat Neuronal Cell Culture

Çakır¹,

Çolak²,

Çalıkoğlu³

et al. 2016

Eurasian J Med

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma-ray, laser light, and visible light, which neurons are commonly exposed to during treatment of various cranial diseases, on the viability of neurons. Materials and Methods:Neuronal cell culture was prepared from the frontal cortex of 9 newborn rats. Cultured cells were irradiated with gamma-ray for 1-10 min by 152 Eu, 241 Am, and 132 Ba isotopes, visible light for 1-160 min, and laser light for 0.2-2 seconds. The MTT tetrazolium reduction assay was used to assess the number of viable cells in the neuronal cell cultures. Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca levels in cellular fluid obtained from neuronal cell culture plaques. Ba isotopes, cell viability insignificantly decreased with time (p>0.05). On the other hand, exposure to visible light produced statistically significant decrease in cell viability at both short-(1-10 min) and long-term (20-160 min). Cell viability did not change with 2 seconds of laser exposure. Na, K, and Ca levels significantly decreased with gamma-ray and visible light. The level of oxidative stress markers significantly changed with gamma-ray. Results Conclusion:In conclusion, while low dose gamma-ray has slight to moderate apoptotic effect in neuronal cell cultures by oxidative stress, long-term visible light induces remarkable apoptosis and cell death. Laser light has no significant effect on neurons. Further genetic studies are needed to clarify the chronic effect of visible light on neuronal development and functions.Keywords: Neuron, cytotoxicity, cell culture, apoptosis, laser light, radiation Öz Amaç: Amacımız, çeşitli kranial hastalıkların tedavisi esnasında nöronların sıklıkla maruz kaldığı gama ışını, laser ışığı ve görünür ışığın etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Ba izotoplar ile düşük dozda radyasyon altında, istatiksel olarak anlamsız bir, zamanla azaldı. Öte yandan, görünür ışığa maruziyet hücre canlılığında hem kısa süreli (1-10 dk) hem de uzun süreli (20-160 dk) maruziyette anlamlı derecede düşüşe sebep olur. Hücre canlılığı lazere 2 saniye maruz kalma ile değişmedi. Na, K ve Ca seviyeleri gama ışını ve görünür ışık maruziyeti ile önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Oksidatif stres belirteçleri seviyesi gama-ışını ile önemli ölçüde değişti. Gereç veSonuç: Düşük doz gama ışını oksidatif strese bağlı nöronal hücre kültürlerindeki apoptotik etkisi hafif ve orta düzeydeyken, uzun sü-reli görünür ışık dikkate değer bir apoptoz ve hücre ölümüne neden oldu. Lazer ışığı nöronlar üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip değildir. Görünür ışığın nöron gelişimi ve işlevleri üzerinde kronik etkisini açıklamak için ileri genetik çalışmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.

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“…Different environmental stimuli may trigger apoptosis in different types of cells. In almost all cells, apoptosis may trigger ionizing radiation, inflammatory cytokines, immunoregulatory cytokines, oxidative stress, changes in the redox potential, disappearance of growth factors or trophic factors, and mechanical stress (2,29,32). …”

Section: Umur As Et Al: Evaluation Of the Effects Of Mobile Phones Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effects of mobile phones on the neural tube development of chick embryos

Umur

Yaldız²,

Bursalı³

et al. 2013

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm:The objective of this study is to examine the effects of radiation of mobile phones on developing neural tissue of chick embryos. mAterIAl and methOds: There were 4 study groups. All Groups were placed in equal distance, from the mobile phones. Serial sections were taken from each Group to study the neural tube segments. results:The TUNEL results were statistically significant (p<0.001) at 30 and 48 hours in the third Group. We found low Bcl-2 levels partly in Group 4 and increased activity in Group 3. Caspase-3 was negative in the 48 and 72 hours in the Control Group, had moderate activity in the third Group 3, weak activity in the 48 hour, and was negative in the 72 hour in other groups. Caspase-9 immunoreactivity was weak in Group 1, 2 and 3 at 30 hours and was negative in Group 1 and 4 at 48 and 72 hours. Caspase-9 activity in the third Group was weak in all three stages.COnClusIOn: Electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones caused developmental delay in chick embryos in early period. This finding suggests that the use of mobile phones by pregnant women may pose risks.

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Apoptosis: a general comment

Cited by 68 publications

References 7 publications

Selective cell elimination during microsporogenesis in sedges

Selective cell elimination during microsporogenesis in sedges

Once the Light Touch to the Brain: Cytotoxic Effects of Low-Dose Gamma-Ray, Laser Light, and Visible Light on Rat Neuronal Cell Culture

Evaluation of the effects of mobile phones on the neural tube development of chick embryos

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