Apolipoprotein-mimetic Peptides: Current and Future Prospectives

Abstract

Apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides, mimicking the biological properties of apolipoproteins, have shown beneficial properties against various diseases (central and peripheral diseases) and have emerged as potential candidates for their treatments. Progress has been made from first-generation to second-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides. Understanding these peptides from the first generation to second generation is discussed in this review. First, we discussed the first-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides structural feature and their therapeutic potentials. Further, we discussed the development of second-generation apolipoprotein–mimetic peptides, like dual-domain peptides and bihelical peptides. We conclude with a discussion on the emergence of second-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides as potential candidates in different preclinical and clinical studies.

ApoE Mimetic Peptides to Improve the Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition and Enteric Infections by Targeting the Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers

“…They are also called apomimetics, apomimetic peptides, apoE-derived peptides, or apolipoprotein-derived peptides. These peptides have the potential to improve the function of endogenous HDLs [91]. The 34 kDa ApoE protein typically exists as a dimer with two helical horseshoe configurations layered on top of one another.…”

“…Additionally, COG1410 facilitates neuronal survival and autophagy by indirectly phosphorylating GSK-3b, an important event that regulates autophagy in the early brain injury model, which could represent a mechanism to attenuate the acute brain insult caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage [149]. The apoE mimetic peptide COG1410 also downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and cleaved caspase 3 and upregulated the expression of BCL2, anti-apoptotic protein, decreasing endothelial cell death and promoting BBB integrity likely by activating the Akt pathway and suppressing the JNK/c-Jun pathway [91,150]. CN-105 is another apoE-derived mimic peptide involved in many preclinical CNS injury studies with positive neuroprotective results and safety [151].…”