Apical and lateral cell protrusions interconnect epithelial cells in live <i>Drosophila</i> wing imaginal discs

Demontis, Fabio; Dahmann, Christian

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21324

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Similar connections have also been found in vivo and in tissue explants (Wolpert and Gustafson, 1961; Miller et al, 1995; Ramírez-Weber and Kornberg, 1999; Demontis and Dahmann, 2007; Chinnery et al, 2008). The discovery of these new types of communication highways has opened up new ways of viewing how cells interact with one another, leading to the reconsideration of the traditional view of the cell as a basic unit of structure, function, and organization originally postulated by Schwann and Schleyden (1847).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Multifaceted Roles of Tunneling Nanotubes in Intercellular Communication

Marzo¹,

Gousset²,

Zurzolo³

2012

Front. Physio.

139

166

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Cell-to-cell communication and exchange of materials are vital processes in multicellular organisms during cell development, cell repair, and cell survival. In neuronal and immunological cells, intercellular transmission between neighboring cells occurs via different complex junctions or synapses. Recently, long distance intercellular connections in mammalian cells called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have been described. These structures have been found in numerous cell types and shown to transfer signals and cytosolic materials between distant cells, suggesting that they might play a prominent role in intercellular trafficking. However, these cellular connections are very heterogeneous in both structure and function, giving rise to more questions than answers as to their nature and role as intercellular conduits. To better understand and characterize the functions of TNTs, we have highlighted here the latest discoveries regarding the formation, structure, and role of TNTs in cell-to-cell spreading of various signals and materials. We first gathered information regarding their formation with an emphasis on the triggering mechanisms observed, such as stress and potentially important proteins and/or signaling pathways. We then describe the various types of transfer mechanisms, in relation to signals and cargoes that have been shown recently to take advantage of these structures for intercellular transfer. Because a number of pathogens were shown to use these membrane bridges to spread between cells we also draw attention to specific studies that point toward a role for TNTs in pathogen spreading. In particular we discuss the possible role that TNTs might play in prion spreading, and speculate on their role in neurological diseases in general.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Multifaceted Roles of Tunneling Nanotubes in Intercellular Communication

Marzo¹,

Gousset²,

Zurzolo³

2012

Front. Physio.

139

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistent with a previous report [ 70 ], short protrusions, less than one cell diameter in length, were detectable in control clones labelled by CD8-GFP expression (Fig. 6A , arrows), although at low penetrance under normal fixation conditions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

The orthologous Tbx transcription factors Omb and TBX2 induce epithelial cell migration and extrusionin vivowithout involvement of matrix metalloproteinases

Shen

Sui

et al. 2014

Oncotarget

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The transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 are overexpressed in various human cancers. Here, we investigated the effect of overexpressing the orthologous Tbx genes Drosophila optomotor-blind (omb) and human TBX2 in the epithelium of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc and observed two types of cell motility. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could move within the plane of the epithelium. Invasive cells migrated long-distance as single cells retaining or regaining normal cell shape and apico-basal polarity in spite of attenuated apical DE-cadherin concentration. Inappropriate levels of DE-cadherin were sufficient to drive cell migration in the wing disc epithelium. Omb/TBX2 overexpression and reduced DE-cadherin-dependent adhesion caused the formation of actin-rich lateral cell protrusions. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could also delaminate basally, penetratingthe basal lamina, however, without degradation of extracellular matrix. Expression of Timp, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases, blocked neither intraepithelial motility nor basal extrusion. Our results reveal an MMP-independent mechanism of cell invasion and suggest a conserved role of Tbx2-related proteins in cell invasion and metastasis-related processes.

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“…The existence of actin-based cell protrusions have previously been reported in Drosophila , both in the notum54142 and in other epithelia434445. More recently, cell protrusions have been observed in epithelial cells in other organisms, including the epithelial cells of the somites of chicken embryos46, in the embryonic epidermis of Caenorhabditis elegans 47 and during epithelial fusion in mouse embryos48.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

An apicobasal gradient of Rac activity determines protrusion form and position

et al. 2017

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Each cell within a polarized epithelial sheet must align and correctly position a wide range of subcellular structures, including actin-based dynamic protrusions. Using in vivo inducible transgenes that can sense or modify Rac activity, we demonstrate an apicobasal gradient of Rac activity that is required to correctly form and position distinct classes of dynamic protrusion along the apicobasal axis of the cell. We show that we can modify the Rac activity gradient in genetic mutants for specific polarity proteins, with consequent changes in protrusion form and position and additionally show, using photoactivatable Rac transgenes, that it is the level of Rac activity that determines protrusion form. Thus, we demonstrate a mechanism by which polarity proteins can spatially regulate Rac activity and the actin cytoskeleton to ensure correct epithelial cell shape and prevent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions.

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Apical and lateral cell protrusions interconnect epithelial cells in live Drosophila wing imaginal discs

Cited by 38 publications

References 73 publications

Multifaceted Roles of Tunneling Nanotubes in Intercellular Communication

Multifaceted Roles of Tunneling Nanotubes in Intercellular Communication

The orthologous Tbx transcription factors Omb and TBX2 induce epithelial cell migration and extrusionin vivowithout involvement of matrix metalloproteinases

An apicobasal gradient of Rac activity determines protrusion form and position

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