AOAC SMPR<sup>®</sup> 2017.011

Zielinski, Garrett; Atkinson, Gisele; Bhandari, Sneh; Burns, Philip A.; Citrolo, Danielle; Farthing, Christine; Glover, Brandi; Horkey, Adam; Johnson, Howard L.; Kuszak, Adam; Lin, Jeff; Lippert, Jörg; Mudge, Elizabeth; Ofitserova, Maria; Reimann, Lars M; Solyom, Aniko M; Sullivan, Darryl; Szpylka, John; Travis, John C.; Wubben, Jason Lynn; Yang, Jinchuan; You, Hong; Young, Kurt; Coates, Scott G

doi:10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2017_011

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…All of the analyses were performed according to the methods of the AOAC ( Pang et al, 1995 , Rozema et al, 2008 , Zielinski et al, 2017 ). We performed acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid (HCl, 6 N) for 24 h at 110 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Zhou

Qiu

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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To explore the differences in the nutritional quality of the muscles of bighead carp from different environments and aquaculture systems, we investigated three types of water bodies typically used for aquaculture: A common culture pond (NC), a natural lake (PY), and a cold water reservoir (XHK). Parameters affecting quality were evaluated, including muscle microstructure, fatty acid profiles, amino acid profiles, and volatile compounds. Fish from the XHK reservoir had the smallest muscle fiber diameter and the highest muscle fiber density (25.3 fibers/0.01 mm 2 ), while muscle fiber density was lowest in fish from the NC pond (9.7 fibers/0.01 mm 2 ). The bighead carp from the XHK reservoir had a much wider variety of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as higher levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were all significantly more abundant in the XHK group, increases of 7.48%, 12.12%, and 17.49%, respectively ( P < 0.05). The bighead carp from NC contained more “fishy” volatile flavor substances, as well as hydrocarbons with higher threshold values. Fish from XHK and NC had a greater umami intensity due to the presence of abundant volatiles with special aromas, including 1-Octene-3ol, DL-Menthol, and 2-ethyl-.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Zhou

Qiu

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…After-wards, 10 µL of sample was analyzed by HPLC in a Agilent Technology 1200 series system with a 5 µm, 4.6 × 150 mm C18 column (Zorbax Eclipse Plus, Agilent Technologies Inc., Marshfield, MA, USA) and a UV-VIS detector set at 360 nm, flow rate 1 mL/min at 20 • C with a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH = 6) and acetonitrile using a gradient elution (t, %B: (0; 10), (10; 25), (15; 50), (19; 50), (20; 10) and (26; 10)). The assay complied with the validation criteria of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Identification and Quantitation of Free Alpha Amino Acids in Dietary Ingredients and Supplements [47].…”

Section: Test and Reference Formulations: β-Alanine Content Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Bioavailability of β-Alanine by a Novel Controlled-Release Powder Blend Compared to a Slow-Release Tablet

et al. 2021

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Background: β-Alanine is a sport supplement with increasing popularity due to its consistent ability to improve physical performance, with the downside of requiring several weeks of supplementation as imposed to the maximum daily and single dose tolerated without side effects (i.e., paresthesia). To date, the only alternative to overcome this problem has been use of a sustained-release tablet, while powders are the most commonly used format to deliver several grams of amino acids in a single dose. In this study we assessed the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and paresthesia effect of β-alanine after administration in a novel controlled-released powder blend (test) versus a sustained-release tablet (reference). Methods: Twelve subjects (25.6 ± 3.2 y, 50% female) participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Each participant was administered orally the test (β-alanine 8 g, l-histidine 300 mg, carnosine 100 mg) or the reference product (10 tablets to reach β-alanine 8 g, Zinc 20 mg) with a 1-week washout period. β-Alanine plasma concentrations (0–8 h) were determined by LC-MS/MS and model-independent pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out. Paresthesia intensity was evaluated using a Visual Analog Score (VAS) and the categorical Intensity Sensory Score (ISS). Results: The CMAX and AUC0→∞ increased 1.6- and 2.1-fold (both p < 0.001) in the test product, respectively, which yielded 2.1-fold higher bioavailability; Ka decreased in the test (0.0199 ± 0.0107 min−1) versus the reference (0.0299 ± 0.0121 min−1) product (p = 0.0834) as well as V/F and Cl/F (both p < 0.001); MRT0→last increased in the test (143 ± 19 min) versus reference (128 ± 16 min) formulation (p = 0.0449); t1/2 remained similar (test: 63.5 ± 8.7 min, reference: 68.9 ± 9.8 min). Paresthesia EMAX increased 1.7-fold using the VAS (p = 0.086) and the ISS (p = 0.009). AUEC increased 1.9-fold with the VAS (p = 0.107) and the ISS (p = 0.019) reflecting scale intrinsic differences. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis showed a clockwise hysteresis loop without prediction ability between CMAX, AUC0→∞ and EMAX or AUEC. No side effects were reported (except paresthesia). Conclusions: The novel controlled-release powder blend shows 100% higher bioavailability of β-alanine, opening a new paradigm that shifts from chronic to short or mid-term supplementation strategies to increase carnosine stores in sports nutrition.

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AOAC SMPR^® 2017.011

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Increased Bioavailability of β-Alanine by a Novel Controlled-Release Powder Blend Compared to a Slow-Release Tablet

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AOAC SMPR® 2017.011

Cited by 2 publications

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Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems

Increased Bioavailability of β-Alanine by a Novel Controlled-Release Powder Blend Compared to a Slow-Release Tablet

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AOAC SMPR^® 2017.011