Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) is a relatively small organization, yet it wields its terror and media campaigns efficiently. Its presence has altered security measures in many western counties. In the current study, I assess anxiety of the ISIS threat and its correlates in a convenience sample of 1,007 adult Israelis (mean age = 29.61, SD = 7.16). Findings show that being female, a lower socioeconomic status, and having elevated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom levels were all associated with ISIS anxiety. Likewise, exposure to ISIS media, as well as having low resilience, was also correlated with ISIS anxiety. The correlations between ISIS anxiety on the one hand and ISIS media exposure, PTSD symptoms, and resilience on the other hand remained significant even after controlling for general anxiety symptoms. Finally, the PTSD-ISIS anxiety relationship was especially pronounced when resources (resilience/ optimism) were low. This critical interaction also remained significant after controlling for general anxiety. Theoretical and practical ramifications of ISIS anxiety are discussed. Both resources for addressing current tasks (resilience), as well as those aimed at future outcomes (optimism), may be required for addressing ISIS anxiety, especially when PTSD symptoms are high.
| The ISIS threatVia its media campaigns, ISIS conveys its vision of a future world where Islam prevails; this will be achieved by waging a holy war of terror against nonbelievers to establish the new caliphate (Lister, 2015). This threat may be transferred via social contagion effects of social media, where individuals share their comments to ISIS attacks or ISIS media with other viewers (Ekwenchi, Ononiwu, & Efetobor, 2016). Social contagion has been shown to intensify the feeling of threat following terror attacks (Lin & Margolin, 2014).Given the massive impact of the ISIS media campaign (Lowe, 2015), the putative ISIS-related anxiety should be an important research focus, yet to the best of my knowledge, no study has systematically assessed ISIS anxiety. Therefore, the current study aims to address ISIS anxiety in Israel, where the future threat dimension is very salient for the following reasons: first, the presence of ISIS terrorists is 1 http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/03/25/world/map-isis-attacksaround-the-world.html 2 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3700942/ISIS-attacks-France-newpropaganda-videos.html