Antitumor Mechanisms of Molecules Secreted by Trypanosoma cruzi in Colon and
Breast Cancer: A Review

Sadr, Soheil; Ghiassi, Shakila; Lotfalizadeh, Narges; Simab, Pouria Ahmadi; Hajjafari, Ashkan; Borji, Hassan

doi:10.2174/1871520623666230529141544

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…11,12 Employing pathogenic microorganisms in cancer immunotherapy is not new. Serratia spp, 13 Streptococcus spp, 14 Listeria monocytogenes, 15 Escherichia coli, 16 Lactobacillus casei, 17 Oncolytic virus, 18 Talimogene laherparepve, 19 Newcastle disease virus, 20 yellow fever vaccine 17D, 21 Trypanosoma cruzi, 22 Echinococcus granulosus, 23,24 and Trichinella spiralis, 25 have been shown to eradicate tumor cells. 26 Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can regulate innate immune cells by invading myeloid cells, typically producing powerful Th1 immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

Lotfalizadeh,

Sadr,

Morovati

et al. 2023

Cancer Reports

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BackgroundRecently, immunotherapy has become very hopeful for cancer therapy. Cancer treatment through immunotherapy has excellent specificity and less toxicity than conventional chemoradiotherapy. Pathogens have been used in cancer immunotherapy for a long time. The current study aims to evaluate the possibility of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) as a probable treatment for cancers such as melanoma, breast, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancer.Recent findingsNonreplicating type I uracil auxotrophic mutants of T. gondii can stimulate immune responses against tumors by reverse immunosuppression at the cellular level. T. gondii can be utilized to research T helper 1 (Th1) cell immunity in intracellular infections. Avirulent T. gondii uracil auxotroph vaccine can change the tumor's immunosuppression and improve the production of type 1 helper cell cytokines, i.e., Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and activate tumor‐related Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8+) T cells to identify and destroy cancer cells. The T. gondii profilin protein, along with T. gondii secreted proteins, have been found to exhibit promising properties in the treatment of various cancers. These proteins are being studied for their potential to inhibit tumor growth and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Their unique mechanisms of action make them valuable candidates for targeted interventions in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer treatments.ConclusionIn summary, the study underscores the significant potential of harnessing T. gondii, including its diverse array of proteins and antigens, particularly in its avirulent form, as a groundbreaking approach in cancer immunotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

Lotfalizadeh,

Sadr,

Morovati

et al. 2023

Cancer Reports

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“…In this regard, immunotherapy has played an important role in cancer treatment, standing as the fourth treatment pathway following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as the fourth major treatment pathway 3 . In-vitro experiments have shown that certain parasites, including the protozoans Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the helminths Trichinella spiralis and Echinococcus granulosus represent anti-cancer activities [4][5][6][7] . Nanovaccines are a promising strategy due to their increased lowest immunotoxicity, antigen stability, flexibility of the physical characteristics of nanomaterials, and sustained release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Power of Nanovaccines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma, Lung, Breast, and Colon Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

Angaji,

Salim,

Azizi

et al. 2023

Res. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci.

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Scientists are exploring new approaches to overcome cancer, and nanovaccines have emerged as one of the most promising tools in the fight against cancer. This review aimed to provide a thorough overview of nanovaccines as potential cancer immunotherapy agents by describing their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic implications. The growing incidence of cancer underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies focusing on prevention, early detection, and innovative treatment modalities to control and mitigate the impact of this widespread disease effectively. It is important to note that nanovaccines are a cutting-edge platform with a wide range of applications in immunotherapy for colon, breast, lung, melanoma, and ovarian cancers. Nanoscale formulations of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants can initiate an efficient and targeted immune response. Research on nanovaccines involving melanoma has shown that they can trigger potent anti-tumor immune responses, which permit prolonged survival and tumor regression. Furthermore, nanovaccines have been effective in treating breast cancer since they can modulate the tumor microenvironment and stimulate the presence of cytotoxic T cells within the tumor. The nanovaccines strategy has enhanced the immune system’s recognition of tumor antigens, resulting in tumor cell destruction and effective immune recognition. There have also been studies that have utilized nanovaccines to modify the immune response of tumor cells to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thereby improving the synergistic outcomes of colon cancer treatment. Besides improving the immune response to malignancies, nanovaccines represent a transformative approach to cancer immunotherapy. The presence of compelling results across various cancer types suggests that nanovaccines are a powerful tool in cancer treatment despite further research required to optimize their design and validate their clinical applicability.

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“…Despite traditional therapies such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, cancer recurrence remains challenging due to cancer stem cells' self-renewal characteristics 2 . Various strategies for cancer therapy have been trending, like immunotherapy with parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Trichinella spiralis, and Echinococcus granulosus; however, they need more experimental studies for finding the exact mechanism behind [3][4][5][6] . Even after chemotherapy, a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains within the tumor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Stem Cell Discoveries: Promising Implications in Cancer Therapy

Gevargiz Sangar,

Agahi,

Azizi

et al. 2023

J Lab Anim. Res

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The remarkable regenerative abilities and versatility of stem cells have long attracted researchers. Recently, in vivo studies have revealed exciting results related to stem cells, particularly their use in cancer treatment. This review will provide an overview of these discoveries and their broader implications for the future. There is growing in vivo evidence that stem cells have immense therapeutic potential in treating various diseases, including cancer, because of their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. As a result of in vivo research, critical aspects of stem cell behavior within tumor microenvironments have been clarified, providing a deeper understanding of their potential therapeutic utility. Several in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of stem cell-engineered tumor-targeting agents or therapeutic payloads for the precise delivery of medicinal drugs when these agents are engineered to express them in tumor cells. Through targeted therapies, off-target effects can be minimized, and the therapeutic index of the anti-cancer agents can be improved. Several stem cell-based delivery systems have shown remarkable efficacy in preclinical in vivo studies, including breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer, indicating their potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. Moreover, in vivo studies have revealed that the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells modulate the immune response and modify the tumor microenvironment to suppress it. In particular, using checkpoint inhibitor therapy with stem cells has paved the way for innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. Research on stem cells in vivo has also provided invaluable insights into stem cell biology and their interaction with cancer cells. Due to these findings, there is an increasing understanding of tumor initiation, progression, and resistance mechanisms, which has opened avenues for improving cancer treatment by developing more effective treatments. As a result of the in vivo studies that have taken place so far, there is a wealth of information regarding the potential of stem cells in cancer treatment. This research opens up exciting prospects for the future of oncology, from the delivery of targeted drugs to immunomodulation and improving our understanding of tumor biology.

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Antitumor Mechanisms of Molecules Secreted by Trypanosoma cruzi in Colon and Breast Cancer: A Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 149 publications

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

A potential cure for tumor‐associated immunosuppression by Toxoplasma gondii

The Power of Nanovaccines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma, Lung, Breast, and Colon Cancers: A Comprehensive Review

In Vivo Stem Cell Discoveries: Promising Implications in Cancer Therapy

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