Antisaccade performance predicted by neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field

Schlag-Rey, Madeleine; Amador, Nelly; Sánchez, Henry; Schlag, J.

doi:10.1038/37114

Cited by 306 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with the latter interpretation, as we found that, between puberty and adulthood, there is an increase in the prefrontal activity associated with the internal representation of the correct target location, which could direct or reinforce the appropriate movement. The prefrontal cortex is part of a broader network activated during the antisaccade task, and including the superior colliculus (45), basal ganglia (46), frontal eye fields (47), supplementary eye fields (48), and posterior parietal cortex (49). Our results do not preclude the possibility that developmental changes in neurophysiological activity occur in areas outside the prefrontal cortex, and that these may additionally affect motor or visualrelated activity related to the task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Zhou

Zhu

King

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Executive functions including behavioral response inhibition mature after puberty, in tandem with structural changes in the prefrontal cortex. Little is known about how activity of prefrontal neurons relates to this profound cognitive development. To examine this, we tracked neuronal responses of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys as they transitioned from puberty into adulthood and compared activity at different developmental stages. Performance of the antisaccade task greatly improved in this period. Among neural mechanisms that could facilitate it, reduction of stimulus-driven activity, increased saccadic activity, or enhanced representation of the opposing goal location, only the latter was evident in adulthood. Greatly accentuated in adults, this neural correlate of vector inversion may be a prerequisite to the formation of a motor plan to look away from the stimulus. Our results suggest that the prefrontal mechanisms that underlie mature performance on the antisaccade task are more strongly associated with forming an alternative plan of action than with suppressing the neural impact of the prepotent stimulus.prefrontal | antisaccade | monkey | neurophysiology | adolescence B ehavioral response inhibition, and cognitive task performance more generally, improves substantially between the time of puberty and adulthood (1-4). Risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, the time period between puberty and adulthood that is most closely linked to delinquent behavior in humans (5-7). Performance in tasks that assay response inhibition, such as the antisaccade task, improves into adulthood, reflecting the progressive development of behavioral control (3). This period of cognitive enhancement parallels the maturation of the prefrontal cortex (8-11). Anatomical changes in the prefrontal cortex continue during adolescence, involving gray and white matter volumes and myelination of axon fibers within the prefrontal cortex and between the prefrontal cortex and other areas (8-15). Changes in prefrontal activation, including increases (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and decreases (21, 22), have been documented in imaging studies for tasks that require inhibition of prepotent behavioral responses and filtering of distractors.Much less is known about how the physiological properties of prefrontal neurons develop after puberty. Similar to the human pattern of development, the monkey prefrontal cortex undergoes anatomical maturation in adolescence and early adulthood (23,24). Male monkeys enter puberty at ∼3.5 y of age and reach full sexual maturity at 5 y, approximately equivalent to the human ages of 11 y and 16 y, respectively (25,26). By some accounts, biochemical and anatomical changes characteristic of adolescence in humans occur at an earlier, prepubertal age in the monkey prefrontal cortex (27, 28), so it is not known if cognitive maturation or neurophysiological changes occur in monkeys after puberty. The contribution of prefrontal cortex to antisaccade performance has also been a matter of debate, with contrasting views fav...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Zhou

Zhu

King

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…FEF, SEF, DLPFC, posterior parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, striatum, and thalamus, more robustly than do prosaccades (Schlag-Rey et al, 1997;Guitton et al, 1985;Sweeney et al, 1996). Activation in the posterior parietal cortex was found within the IPS, in the precuneus, and in the SMG of the inferior parietal lobe.…”

Section: Brain Regions Subserving Antisaccadesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It has been used successfully to characterize development of the ability to voluntarily suppress prepotent responses throughout late childhood and adolescence (Fischer et al, 1997;Munoz et al, 1998). The brain systems subserving performance on the antisaccade task have been well-delineated in monkeys (Burman et al, 1997;Everling et al, 1999;Funahashi et al, 1993;Gottlieb et al, 1999;Schlag-Rey et al, 1997) and adult humans (Guitton et al, 1985;Sweeney et al, 1996;Muri et al, 1998;Doricchi et al, 1997;O'Driscoll et al, 1995). These areas include the frontal eye field (FEF), supplementary eye fields (SEF), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), posterior parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and superior colliculus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation of Widely Distributed Brain Function Subserves Cognitive Development

et al. 2001

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Cognitive and brain maturational changes continue throughout late childhood and adolescence. During this time, increasing cognitive control over behavior enhances the voluntary suppression of reflexive/impulsive response tendencies. Recently, with the advent of functional MRI, it has become possible to characterize changes in brain activity during cognitive development. In order to investigate the cognitive and brain maturation subserving the ability to voluntarily suppress context-inappropriate behavior, we tested 8 -30 year olds in an oculomotor response-suppression task. Behavioral results indicated that adult-like ability to inhibit prepotent responses matured gradually through childhood and adolescence. Functional MRI results indicated that brain activation in frontal, parietal, striatal, and thalamic regions increased progressively from childhood to adulthood. Prefrontal cortex was more active in adolescents than in children or adults; adults demonstrated greater activation in the lateral cerebellum than younger subjects. These results suggest that efficient top-down modulation of reflexive acts may not be fully developed until adulthood and provide evidence that maturation of function across widely distributed brain regions lays the groundwork for enhanced voluntary control of behavior during cognitive development.

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“…Gottlieb et al 1993;Gottlieb and Goldberg, 1999;Schlag-Rey et al 1997;Schlack et al 2003;Tian & Lynch, 1995). These are two frontal areas, the supplementary eye fields (SEF) and the frontal eye fields (FEF), and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) (Berman et al 1999;Petit and Haxby 1999;O'Driscoll et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural neural networks subserving oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia

Bagary

Hutton

Symms

et al. 2004

Biological Psychiatry

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Antisaccade performance predicted by neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field

Cited by 306 publications

References 26 publications

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty

Maturation of Widely Distributed Brain Function Subserves Cognitive Development

Structural neural networks subserving oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia

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