SINCE the compilation of the 16th Annual Review of Syphilis,1 there has been ample affirmation of the theme that syphilis is still "rearing its ugly head" but syphilologists are rapidly disappearing, in this country at least. This is exemplified by the suspension (for economic reasons?) of the Journal of Venereal Disease Information; by the removal of syphilology from the great university departments of dermatology because of the realization that syphilis, like leprosy, is probably a public health department matter, and by Evan Thomas' fears for the future, in which he pictures the possible rise of the incidence of syphilis because of war or other disaster in the United States or Canada, where the training of competent syphilologists has been all but abandoned by the non-public-health facilities. The gradual drop in incidence of venereal disease in general, and syphilis in particular, during the period 1947-1951 has now been officially documented. The impact of this information will without doubt lessen still further the interest and support for syphilis case finding, treatment facilities, and research. As a reminder that the future of syphilis is still unsettled, we have hints of small foci of cases of infectious diseases here and there ("small epidemics"), the endemic occurrence of various forms of treponematoses in certain quarters of the world, and the knowledge that the deficiencies of the present therapeutic regimens are leaving reservoirs of resist¬ ant infections in patients whose contacts are not uncovered because of inadequate follow-up.From the literature it is evident that there is feverish activity in syphilology. This is indicated by the increasing number of papers from more and more countries.