Antiplatelet Agents: Current and Novel

Heptinstall, Stan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4297-3_1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Regarding aspirin's mode of action, it is an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase type 2 enzyme, present in endothelial cells and consequently inhibits the conversion of AA into PGG2 and PGH2, which results in an inhibition of PGI2. This inhibition has the consequence of PGI2 not binding to the IP receptor, present in SMC [110]. Regarding L-NAME, this is considered a non-selective inhibitor of eNOS widely used as a pharmacological tool [111].…”

Section: Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarization Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Dysfunctions in Vasomotor Tone Regulation

2021

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.

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Section: Endothelium-derived Hyperpolarization Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Dysfunctions in Vasomotor Tone Regulation

2021

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“…Interaction with collagen or thrombin also leads to synthesis of TXA2 from arachidonic acid (AA) liberated from phospholipids within the activated platelets, and also secretion of the contents of storage granules that include ADP. The TXA2 and the ADP contribute further to the platelet aggregation [2,5].…”

Section: Approaches To Assessment Of Platelet Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, aspirin inhibits aggregation brought about by AA as it blocks the cyclo-oxygenase involved in converting this into TXA2. Clopidogrel and newer P2Y12 antagonists, such as prasugrel, ticagrelor and cangrelor reduce the extent of the platelet aggregation brought about by ADP by interfering with the ability of ADP to interact with P2Y12 receptors on the platelet surface [5].…”

Section: Light Transmission Aggregometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Strategies for Assessing Platelet Reactivity

Algahtani

Heptinstall

2016

Future Cardiol.

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There are many approaches to assessing platelet reactivity and many uses for such measurements. Initially, measurements were based on the ability of platelets separated from other blood cells to aggregate together following activation with an appropriate 'aggregating agent'. Later, measurements of platelet aggregation in blood itself were performed, and this led to a point-of-care approach to platelet function testing. Measurement of secretory activity through the appearance of the activation marker Pselectin on platelets now provides an alternative approach, which enables remote testing. Measurement of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation is also moving toward application in situations remote from the testing laboratory. Here we provide an overview of the various approaches that are now available, assess their advantages and disadvantages, and describe some of the clinical situations in which they are being used. Keywordsaspirin, flow cytometry, light transmission aggregometry (LTA), multiplate electrode aggregometry (MEA), P-selectin, P2Y12 antagonists, platelet aggregation, platelet reactivity, VASP phosphorylation, VerifyNow Platelet reactivity is a broad term indicating the degree of the response of blood platelets to an external stimulus, usually an 'aggregating agent'. Platelet reactivity can be measured in many different ways and the purpose of this review is to summarize the approaches, with an emphasis on the newer approaches that are becoming available.Platelets play an important role in the hemostatic process [1,2]. They contribute to the formation of a hemostatic plug that serves to prevent blood loss from injured blood vessels. The hemostatic plug contains thousands of platelets that have aggregated together within a network of fibrin. However, platelets also contribute to the generation of a thrombotic mass in a coronary or cerebral artery or in an artificial stent leading to blockage and resulting in conditions such as heart attack, stroke and stent thrombosis [3,4]. A thrombus is also composed of platelet aggregates within a fibrin network. So thrombus formation can thus be considered to be hemostasis in the wrong place.

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Antiplatelet Agents: Current and Novel

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

Implications of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Dysfunctions in Vasomotor Tone Regulation

Implications of Endothelial Cell-Mediated Dysfunctions in Vasomotor Tone Regulation

Novel Strategies for Assessing Platelet Reactivity

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