Antiperistalsis and other muscular activities of the colon1

Elliott, T. R.; Barclay-Smith, E.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1904.sp001037

Cited by 147 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the experimental data on the direction of the enkephalin neuron processes coincide with previous morphological findings; we demonstrated only the thickest population of the enkephalin neuron processes in the previous studies (KOBAYASHI et al, 1984(KOBAYASHI et al, , 1985. The functional significance of the direction of the enkephalin neuron processes in the different segments of the intestine, in regard to peristalsis and antiperistalsis (ELLIOTT and BARCLAY-SMITH, 1904;HUKUHARA and NEYA, 1968), needs further investigation. DoGIEL (1899) described three neuron categories in the enteric ganglia: type 1 neurons characterized by numerous short dendrites and a single long axon are motor in function; type 2 neurons have many slender dendrites and a long axon, and are sensory in nature; and, type 3 neurons, possessing dendrites which terminate in the ganglion of origin, having an unknown function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the guinea pig small intestine, where peristalsis occurs, there are enkephalin neurons with a long axon-like process running in the anal direction (FURNESS et al, 1983b;KOBAYASHI et al, 1984), whereas in the proximal colon where antiperistalsis takes place (ELLIOTT and BARCLAY-SMITH, 1904;HUKUHARA and NEYA, 1968) a considerable number of enkephalin neurons possess an orally-directed axon-like process (KOBA-YASHI et al, 1985). Thus, the present study of the regrowth structures of laser photocoagulated enkephalin neurons in the myenteric plexus was performed with the aim of further examining the significance of the cytoplasmic projections of the enkephalin neurons under the control of the intestinal motility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myenteric enkephalin neurons around the laser-photocoagulation necrosis: An immunocytochemical investigation in the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon.

Kobayashi¹,

Nishisaka

1985

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myenteric enkephalin neurons around the laser-photocoagulation necrosis: An immunocytochemical investigation in the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon.

Kobayashi¹,

Nishisaka

1985

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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“…In the colon, propulsive activity was investigated in situ by Bayliss & Starling (1900), Elliott & Barclay-Smith (1904), Raiford & Mulinos (1934a, b), Auer & Krueger (1947), Bozler (1949b), Hukuhara & Miyake (1959) and in the isolated organ by Langley & Magnus (1905), Tyrode (1910), Currie & Henderson (1926), Lembeck (1958), Lee (1960), Hulkuhara, Nakayama & Nanba (1961), Hukuhara & Neya (1968), and MacKenna & McKirdy (1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved method for studying the peristaltic reflex in the isolated colon

Frigo

Lecchini

1970

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. A method is described for studying the peristaltic reflex in the guinea-pig or cat isolated colon, using a graded localized intraluminal stimulus consisting of a solid bolus. 2. The method gives an easy evaluation of propulsive activity and makes it possible to record simultaneously the segmental activity of the circular muscle in relation to the site of stimulation and the contractions and relaxations of the longitudinal muscle coat.3. The velocity of propulsion, which is a reliable measure of propulsive activity, is dependent on the degree of distension and is easily affected by physical agents and nervous stimulation. A solid bolus is propelled only when there is simultaneous ascending contraction and descending inhibition of the circular musculature. 4. Since the peristaltic reflex could not be elicited from areas from which the mucosal and submucosal layers had been removed, these layers are essential for the triggering of the peristaltic reflex and for the propulsion of solid contents in the colon. IntroductionThe peristaltic reflex in the isolated intestine has been studied chiefly in the ileum by techniques similar to the original method described by Trendelenburg (1917) (for

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“…The musculature and movements of the proximal colon are unique to this region, the most notable of these being its antiperistaltic activity (CANNON, 1902). The proximal colon has longitudinal muscle around only two thirds of its circumference, with the intervening third characterized by thick bands of circular muscle (ELLIOTT and BARCLAY-SMITH, 1904;GABELLA, 1981). The faecal contents of the proximal colon are liquid, but are reduced to defined pellets by the region of the colonic flexure, the beginning of the distal colon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

Messenger

1993

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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Summary. The arrangement of the enteric nerve plexuses, and the distributions and projections of chemically specified neurons in the proximal colon of the guineapig were studied. The neural plexuses were examined using immunoreactivity to neuron specific enolase, and individual subpopulations were studied using antibodies raised against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), galanin, somatostatin, calbindin and calretinin. Nitric oxide producing neurons were studied using NADPH diaphorase histochemistry. The myenteric and submucous plexuses were not uniform around the entire circumference; at the mesenteric aspect of the colon there was almost no longitudinal muscle and the circular muscle was unusually thick and cord-like. In this region there was no tertiary plexus of fibres, and the ganglia of the myenteric and submucous plexuses were elongated in the direction of the circular muscle. Neuronal pathways within the antimesenteric aspect of the colon were investigated using nerve lesioning procedures. VIP, GRP, galanin, calbindin and NADPH diaphorase containing neurons lay in anally projecting pathways within the myenteric plexus, while enkephalin and somatostatin appeared in orally projecting nerve pathways. Few NPY immunoreactive nerve cells were found in the myenteric plexus of the proximal colon. The longitudinal muscle was innervated with VIP, SP, enkephalin and NADPH diaphorase containing fibres. The circular muscle was innervated by axons containing all substances investigated except NPY. Galanin, NPY, somatostatin and VIP fibres, all particularly dense in the mucosa, largely arose from nerve cell bodies in the submucous plexus. The results of the present study indicate that chemically specified neuronal populations in the proximal colon of the guinea-pig are more similar to the distal colon than the ileum, but that neurochemical and anatomical differences exist between the proximal and distal colon.

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Antiperistalsis and other muscular activities of the colon1

Cited by 147 publications

References 0 publications

Myenteric enkephalin neurons around the laser-photocoagulation necrosis: An immunocytochemical investigation in the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon.

Myenteric enkephalin neurons around the laser-photocoagulation necrosis: An immunocytochemical investigation in the guinea pig jejunum and proximal colon.

An improved method for studying the peristaltic reflex in the isolated colon

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurons and Their Projections in the Proximal Colon of the Guinea-Pig

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