Antioxidant Status in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia upon Multivitamin-Mineral Supplementation in the Region of Vojvodina

Abstract

Abstract-Normal pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress and this is even increased during preeclampsia (PE). The decrease in total antioxidant capacity is the pathophysiological basis for vitamin supplementation during pregnancy, but the beneficial effect of this approach is still unclear. Levels of creatinine, urea, cystatin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dysmutase activity (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and acidum ascorbicum were measured in the serums of all women. Mean MDA level in maternal plasma in normal pregnancies was significantly lower than in PE pregnancies (2,78 ±0.78 pmol/mg vs 3.20±0.91 pmol/mg, p< 0.05), as well as mean GSH-Px levels (811 ±206 U/l vs 1350±575 U/l, p< 0.05. Mean ascorbic acid values were significantly higher in normal than in PE pregnancies (9,85 ±2,43 mg/L vs 5.54±1.81 mg/L, p< 0.001), as well as mean SOD values (26.8 ±18.45% vs 12.3±10.3%, p< 0.001). There were no significant differences in normal pregnancy group with and without multivitamin supplementation. MDA levels were significantly lower in PE pregnancies with vitamin supplementation (2.99 ± 0.81 pmol/mg vs 3.42 ± 1.01 pmol/mg, p< 0.05), as well as GSC-Px levels (1200 ± 500 U/l vs 1500 ± 650 U/l, p< 0.05). Ascorbic acid values were significantly higher in the PE group with vitamin supplementation (6.16 ± 1.66 mg/L vs 4.92 ± 1.96 mg/L, p< 0.05), as well as SOD levels (13 ± 11.4 % vs 11.6 ± 9.2%, p< 0.001).

Alterations of antioxidant enzymes in preeclampsia

“…Also, few others observed increased GPx activity in preeclampsia, similar to our study. 14,19,20 In contrast to our study, a decrease in GPx activity in preeclampsia was noted by others. 5,6,17 Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an oxidative stress inducible enzyme plays a significant role in the peroxyl scavenging mechanism and in maintaining functional integration of the cell membranes.…”

Antioxidative effects of flavonoids and their metabolites against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress in a human first trimester trophoblast cell line

“…Pregnancy is a condition of increased oxidative stress, due to metabolic changes and low-grade inflammation (Ćebović, Marić, Nikolić, & Novakov-Mikić, 2013). Dietary flavonoids might help support growing demand for antioxidants during early pregnancy.…”

Assessment of Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Pre-Eclampsia

“…Multivitaminmineral supplementation is often recommended for pregnant women. In uncomplicated pregnancies multivitamin-mineral supplementation did not influence the levels of ascorbic acid, lipid peroxidation product MDA and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and SOD [19].…”

“…The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to protect the organism from oxidative damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water. Selenium is a major component of glutathione [19] to prevent oxidative damage [39]. Reduced glutathione peroxidases could be associated with increased generation of toxic lipid peroxides contributing to the endothelial dysfunction and hypertension of pre-eclampsia [40].…”