Antioxidant Role of Ascorbic Acid and His Protective Effects on Chronic Diseases

Barrita, José Luis Silencio; Sánchez, Miguel Jesús Betancourt

doi:10.5772/52181

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, vitamin C can maintain proper vascular function and reduce the risk of atherogenesis. Ascorbic acid is a cofactor for enzymes, e.g., dopamine hydroxylase [ 64 ].…”

Section: Defense Mechanisms Against Oxidative and Nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2021

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Since the last few years, the growing interest in the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants as functional food ingredients and dietary supplements, is observed. The imbalance between the number of antioxidants and free radicals is the cause of oxidative damages of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of the study was the review of recent developments in antioxidants. One of the crucial issues in food technology, medicine, and biotechnology is the excess free radicals reduction to obtain healthy food. The major problem is receiving more effective antioxidants. The study aimed to analyze the properties of efficient antioxidants and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of antioxidant processes. Our researches and sparing literature data prove that the ligand antioxidant properties complexed by selected metals may significantly affect the free radical neutralization. According to our preliminary observation, this efficiency is improved mainly by the metals of high ion potential, e.g., Fe(III), Cr(III), Ln(III), Y(III). The complexes of delocalized electronic charge are better antioxidants. Experimental literature results of antioxidant assays, such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power assay (FRAP), were compared to thermodynamic parameters obtained with computational methods. The mechanisms of free radicals creation were described based on the experimental literature data. Changes in HOMO energy distribution in phenolic acids with an increasing number of hydroxyl groups were observed. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl group position and the catechol moiety. The number of methoxy groups in the phenolic acid molecules influences antioxidant activity. The use of synchrotron techniques in the antioxidants electronic structure analysis was proposed.

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“…Thus, vitamin C can maintain proper vascular function and reduce the risk of atherogenesis. Ascorbic acid is a cofactor for enzymes, e.g., dopamine hydroxylase [ 64 ].…”

Section: Defense Mechanisms Against Oxidative and Nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2021

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“…Anti-wrinkle formation, and as a modifier of skin smoothness [68] Vitamins As a food preservative and bread improver, protective activity against heart diseases, reduced the risk of colorectal adenomas and prostate cancer, reduction of thyroid hormone levels [69][70][71][72][73] Flavonoids As cancer preventive agents, protection against type 2 diabetes Functional food additive [74][75][76][77] Carotenoid Anticancer agents, additive to cosmetics and multivitamin preparation Food colouring agent, pro-vitamin A in food and animal feed [29,38,78] PUFA Prevention of heart and inflammatory diseases [79,80] Synthetic Antioxidants…”

Section: Glutathionementioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Production in Dunaliella

2021

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Microalgae have become an attractive natural source of a diverse range of biomolecules, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants; nevertheless, economically sustainable production of such compounds from microalgae biomass is still challenging. The main hurdles are: (a) increasing microalgae yield; (b) achieving optimal cultivation conditions; (c) energy-efficient and cost-effective downstream processing (extraction and purification); (d) optimal storage of post-processed antioxidant molecules. This review provides a detailed overview of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the cellular metabolism of the commercially important microalgae Dunaliella, industrial applications of antioxidant enzymes, strategies to enhanced antioxidant accumulation in cells, and the opportunities and limitations of current technologies for antioxidant enzymes production from microalgae biomass as an alternative to common microbial sources.

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“…Vitamin C, also known as l -ascorbic acid (AA), is a water-soluble nutrient vital for the normal growth and physiological function of the human body . This vitamin plays a major role in a number of bodily functions including the production of collagen (and related wound healing and skin care), in the absorption of iron, treatment of cold, and in helping the immune system to protect the body against viral infections and neurological disorders, as well as in cardiac, gum, and even cancer diseases. − …”

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confidence: 99%

Epidermal Enzymatic Biosensors for Sweat Vitamin C: Toward Personalized Nutrition

et al. 2020

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Recent advances in wearable sensor technologies offer new opportunities for improving dietary adherence. However, despite their tremendous promise, the potential of wearable chemical sensors for guiding personalized nutrition solutions has not been reported. Herein, we present an epidermal biosensor aimed at following the dynamics of sweat vitamin C after the intake of vitamin C pills and fruit juices. Such skin-worn noninvasive electrochemical detection of sweat vitamin C has been realized by immobilizing the enzyme ascorbate oxidase (AAOx) on flexible printable tattoo electrodes and monitoring changes in the vitamin C level through changes in the reduction current of the oxygen cosubstrate. The flexible vitamin C tattoo patch was fabricated on a polyurethane substrate and combined with a localized iontophoretic sweat stimulation system along with amperometric cathodic detection of the oxygen depletion during the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme biosensor offers a highly selective response compared to the common direct (nonenzymatic) voltammetric measurements, with no effect on electroactive interfering species such as uric acid or acetaminophen. Temporal vitamin C profiles in sweat are demonstrated using different subjects taking varying amounts of commercial vitamin C pills or vitamin C-rich beverages. The dynamic rise and fall of such vitamin C sweat levels is thus demonstrated with no interference from other sweat constituents. Differences in such dynamics among the individual subjects indicate the potential of the epidermal biosensor for personalized nutrition solutions. The flexible tattoo patch displayed mechanical resiliency to multiple stretching and bending deformations. In addition, the AAOx biosensor is shown to be useful as a disposable strip for the rapid in vitro detection of vitamin C in untreated raw saliva and tears following pill or juice intake. These results demonstrate the potential of wearable chemical sensors for noninvasive nutrition status assessments and tracking of nutrient uptake toward detecting and correcting nutritional deficiencies, assessing adherence to vitamin intake, and supporting dietary behavior change.

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Antioxidant Role of Ascorbic Acid and His Protective Effects on Chronic Diseases

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties

Recent Developments in Effective Antioxidants: The Structure and Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidant Production in Dunaliella

Epidermal Enzymatic Biosensors for Sweat Vitamin C: Toward Personalized Nutrition

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