Antioxidant Activity of Retinol, Glutathione, and Taurine in Bovine Photoreceptor Cell Membranes

Keys, Susan; Zimmerman, William F.

doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0657

Cited by 71 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In an experiment reported by Keys et al, physiological concentrations of retinol added to liposomes composed of rod cell phospholipids were found to protect the lipids from oxidation. 114 Therefore, as the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation within the membrane is broken, a small amount of retinol may protect large concentrations of membrane lipids. Vitamin A is also involved in the repair of cells that have been oxidatively damaged.…”

Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutathione is found in bovine retina, 97 where it has been shown to protect photoreceptor PUFAs from oxidation independently of vitamin E or retinol. 114 The POLA Study has failed to detect a significant inverse association between red blood cell glutathione and AMD. 54 Glutathione peroxidase (glutathione-Px) uses glutathione as an electron donor to reduce organic hydroperoxides (Fig.…”

Section: B Glutathione Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reducmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty

Koh²,

Phil

et al. 2000

Survey of Ophthalmology

1,755

1,347

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Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the developed world, and yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Oxidative stress, which refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), has been implicated in many disease processes, especially age-related disorders. ROIs include free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen, and they are often the byproducts of oxygen metabolism. The retina is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high consumption of oxygen, its high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its exposure to visible light. In vitro studies have consistently shown that photochemical retinal injury is attributable to oxidative stress and that the antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E protect against this type of injury. Furthermore, there is strong evidence suggesting that lipofuscin is derived, at least in part, from oxidatively damaged photoreceptor outer segments and that it is itself a photoreactive substance. However, the relationships between dietary and serum levels of the antioxidant vitamins and age-related macular disease are less clear, although a protective effect of high plasma concentrations of ␣ -tocopherol has been convincingly demonstrated. Macular pigment is also believed to limit retinal oxidative damage by absorbing incoming blue light and/or quenching ROIs. Many putative risk-factors for AMD have been linked to a lack of macular pigment, including female gender, lens density, tobacco use, light iris color, and reduced visual sensitivity. Moreover, the Eye Disease Case-Control Study found that high plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of neovascular AMD. The concept that AMD can be attributed to cumulative oxidative stress is enticing, but remains unproven. With a view to reducing oxidative damage, the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blind registration in the western world, 119 and its prevalence is likely to rise as a consequence of increasing longevity. 225 There is a general consensus that cumulative oxidative damage is responsible for aging, and may, therefore, play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. In this article, we review the literature germane to oxidative processes in the retina and examine the evidence for a causal link between oxidative stress and age-related macular degeneration.

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Section: Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Glutathione Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Reducmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Beatty

Koh²,

Phil

et al. 2000

Survey of Ophthalmology

1,755

1,347

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“…tumor in animal body. [28][29][30][31][32] However, from literatures and the researcher's experience, their chemical stability against heat or light is very poor. 33,34 Previous researches have suggested some ways to prevent the degradation of retinoids.…”

Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polymer Characteristics on the Thermal Stability of Retinol Encapsulated in Aliphatic Polyester Nanoparticles

Cho¹

2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The present study investigates how the thermal stability of retinol (vitamin A) encapsulated in polyester nanoparticles is influenced by the types of polyester used for the nanoparticles. A variety of polyester-retinol nanoparticles were prepared with various polyesters like: poly(ethylene adipate), PEA; poly(butylene adipate), PBA; poly(hexamethylene adipate), PHMA; and three polycaprolactones, PCL, of different molecular weights (M n ~10, 40, and 80K). C. More importantly, this study has also found that the thermal stability of the retinol in the nanoparticles was closely connected with the melting temperatures of polyesters and polyester nanoparticles. The results were further discussed with possible factors -such as sample preparation condition (or history) and miscibility between the polyesters and retinol -affecting T m of the polyesters and the nanoparticles.

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“…Foi demonstrado experimentalmente o efeito protetor desta substância sobre a oxidação de lipídios (75) , além da reparação das células lesadas pelo dano oxidativo (76) .…”

Section: C Vitamina a (Retinol)unclassified

Conceitos atuais e perspectivas na prevenção da degeneração macular relacionada à idade

Torres¹,

Précoma²,

Maia³

et al. 2008

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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Antioxidant Activity of Retinol, Glutathione, and Taurine in Bovine Photoreceptor Cell Membranes

Cited by 71 publications

References 39 publications

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Effect of Polymer Characteristics on the Thermal Stability of Retinol Encapsulated in Aliphatic Polyester Nanoparticles

Conceitos atuais e perspectivas na prevenção da degeneração macular relacionada à idade

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