Antioxidant Activities and Properties of Coprinus comatus Mushroom Both Mycelium and Fruiting Body Extracts In Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats Model

Abstract

Coprinus comatus, well-known as Shaggy Ink Cap mushroom, is potential herbal medicine. Synthetic medicines sometimes cause side effects; therefore, it is necessary to innovate with herbal medications with minimal side effects. The study evaluated in vitro and in vivo treatments to evaluate the antioxidant effect and activity of C. comatus. The in vivo treatment was conducted using six groups of Wistar rats (n = 24). Group 1 healthy control (HC), groups 2–6 received 45 mg/Kg BW of streptozotocin once, group 2 just streptozotocin-induced (NC), group 3 was given 45 mg/kg BW of metformin (PC), groups 4–6 were given 250 (T1), 500 (T2), and 750 mg (T3) of C. comatus extract for 14 days, and the in vitro was conducted using an antioxidant oxidant assay. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests. Based on qualitative analysis, C. comatus mycelium extract contained polyphenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, and fruiting body extract had flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The in vitro analysis showed that the mycelium extract had an antioxidant activity by inhibiting free radicals up to 58.51% with an IC50 value of 72.77 mg/L. The in vivo treatment using C. comatus fruiting body extract showed that it could increase the endogenous antioxidant levels of GPx, SOD, catalase and reduce MDA levels (p 0.05). The most effective dose of C. comatus extract is 500 mg. This research has shown the potential of mycelium and C. comatus fruitbody extract as an antioxidant supplement in a diabetic rat model.

Antidiabetic Effects and Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Chicken Drumstick Mushroom (Coprinus comatus) Extract in Diabetic Rats Model

“…7 In the qualitative test of other studies, the mycelium extract of C. comatus using ethyl acetate solvent with a concentration of 100 parts per million (ppm) was identified to contain a strong concentration of flavonoids (+++), polyphenols (+++) and terpenoids (+). 2 The same results were also shown from the qualitative identification of the C. comatus ethanol extract of fruiting bodies containing moderate and low flavonoids (++) and saponins (+). 5 In another study, 70% and 95% ethanolic C. comatus extracts was found to contain phenolic compounds and have acted as an antioxidant in DPPH radicals.…”

“…The C. comatus extract at 250 mg and 500 mg doses administered to hyperglycemic rats significantly increased enzymatic antioxidant The previous study shows flavonoid compounds can inhibit lipid peroxidation by donating hydrogen ions (H + ) and reducing tissue damage by free radicals. 2 The hydroxyl and carboxyl of C. comatus polysaccharide were the groups that acted as electronic donors. 21 Furthermore, C. comatus contains the ergothioneine compound, similar to methionine, a substrate of GPx.…”

“…Subsequently, CAT converts these free radicals into H 2 O 2 , consisting of hydrogen (H 2 O) and oxygen (O 2 ) by GPx. 2 Catalase is an iron-dependent enzyme concentrated mainly in the liver and erythrocytes. Meanwhile, GPx is a selenium-dependent and cytosolic enzyme, which requires reduced glutathione (GSH) as a substrate of GPx and produces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as a product.…”

“…Furthermore, it contains iron (Fe 2+ ), a CAT enzyme cofactor. 2 Glucose in the intestine is broken down by glucagon-like peptide 1 or GLP-1 hormone, and the peak activity concentration is 15-30 minutes. Subsequently, GLP-1 will bind to the GLP-1-receptor (GLP-1R) on the surface of the β-cells to increase insulin biosynthesis and secretion, suppress apoptotic cell death and increase the pancreatic β-cell proliferation and biosynthesis.…”