“…The following are among the adjuncts that have been demonstrated to selectively enhance m-opioid antinociception over rate suppression: selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (Gatch et al, 1998;Banks et al, 2010), a d-opioid receptor agonist (Stevenson et al, 2003), an N-Methyl-Daspartate antagonist (Fischer and Dykstra, 2006), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 antagonists (Fischer et al, 2008), and cannabinoids (Maguire and France, 2014). Interestingly, in some cases, greater antinociceptive enhancement of low-compared to high-efficacy m agonists was reported (Gatch et al, 1998;Banks et al, 2010), whereas in other cases, the opposite was found (Maguire and France, 2014). These studies represent promising potential novel pain therapies; however, subsequent clinical testing of these therapies has not been performed.…”