Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors

Byarugaba, Denis K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.015

Cited by 339 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The study also revealed that the antibiotic prescription rate in the emergency room is 7.2%, which is low compared to other countries in our region, while such rate was 61.9% in Iran [17], 60.7% in England [18], 48% in Norway [19] and 46% in Saudi Arabia [20]. It has been reported that penicillin and flouroquinolones were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics in several studies in the developed and developing countries [16,[21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although the principals of antibiotic prescriptions have been well established internationally for many years, their inappropriate use is still common especially in the developing countries [15,16]. The study also revealed that the antibiotic prescription rate in the emergency room is 7.2%, which is low compared to other countries in our region, while such rate was 61.9% in Iran [17], 60.7% in England [18], 48% in Norway [19] and 46% in Saudi Arabia [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Salman¹,

Alawi²,

Albasri³

et al. 2015

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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Objective: To describe the pattern and appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain. Methods:Patients aged more than or equal to 14 years old that attended emergency room and was prescribed antibiotics from 1 to 31 July 2014 were included. Data were obtained from patients' emergency records. Antibiotic treatment was classified to appropriate, inappropriate or unjustified use according to the local or international guidelines. Chi Square was performed to evaluate the variables associated to appropriateness antibiotic treatment.Results: A total of 1313 patients were included (52.6% males), mostly in the age group 14-30 years old (45.3%). The most frequent diseases attended were upper respiratory and urinary tract infections (27.3% and 22.1%,respectively). Cefuroxime was the most prescribed antibiotic (37.5%) followed by ciprofloxacin (20.8%). Percentage of inappropriate antibiotics prescription was 81.9% mostly due to unjustified use. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment was significantly more common in males (87.1%; P-value <0.001), in patients without mentioned diagnosis, then upper respiratory tract infection (100%, 96.9%. P-value <0.001) and prescriptions written by emergency physicians (85.5%; P-value <0.001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Salman¹,

Alawi²,

Albasri³

et al. 2015

int. arab. j antimicrob. agents

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“…The overuse and frequent misuse of antibiotics in developing countries have resulted in changing antibiotic resistance profiles of micro-organisms amongst bacterial populations (Byarugaba, 2004). In Jamaica, patients with respiratory illness caused by P. aeruginosa are usually treated empirically with an aminoglycoside, either alone or in combination with another agent or class (Brown & Izundu, 2004;Finlayson & Brown, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple antibiotic resistance index, fitness and virulence potential in respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Jamaica

Davis

Brown

2016

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Respiratory infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We sought to assess the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, fitness and virulence potential in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Isolates were assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility, in vitro competitive fitness, and pigment, elastase and rhamnolipid production. Oxidative stress tolerance was determined on both planktonic and biofilm cells, and virulence potential was tested in a plant model. Mean MAR index for isolates was 0.34 (range 0.17-0.50). Whilst isolates exhibited good biofilm formation in the presence of ciprofloxacin, there was no significant difference in biofilm production over the concentration range assessed. Several drug-resistant strains were out-competed by a susceptible strain even in the presence of antibiotic. H 2 O 2 exerted a greater oxidative stress than tert-butylhydroperoxide and, as expected, biofilms were more resistant than planktonic cells. Whilst most (81 %) isolates were pigmented there was no significant difference between pigmented and non-pigmented isolates when elastolytic activity was compared (P.0.05). More than half of the isolates produced the quorum sensing mediator rhamnolipid and infection of the plant model by bacteria occurred whether elastase or rhamnolipid was present or absent. These data suggest that non-pigmented strains of P. aeruginosa might pose an equally significant microbiological threat as pigmented strains even though pigment production appeared to be strongly associated with elastase expression. Whilst dual expression of elastase and rhamnolipid by these bacteria would cause severe tissue damage (as seen in the plant model), non-production of either does not prevent bacteria from causing serious infection.

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“…Vários autores confirmaram a eficácia da gentamicina no tratamento de mastite estafilocócicas (Costa et al 2000, Brito et al 2001, Oliveira et al 2002, Byarugaba et al 2004, no entanto Freitas et al (2005) verificaram alto ní-vel de resistência dos estafilococos à gentamicina no município onde este antibiótico era mais utilizado, destacando a importância do uso indiscriminado e a seleção de bactérias resistentes. Deste modo, a semelhança dos resultados de sensibilidade para os dois antibióticos revelada neste estudo, demonstra que não necessariamente o uso da tobramicina possa ocasionar resistência, mas sim, o uso de um antibiótico do mesmo grupo como a gentamicina.…”

Section: Quadro 2 Perfil De Sensibilidade (S) Sensibilidade Intermeunclassified

Perfil de sensibilidade microbiana in vitro de linhagens de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de vacas com mastite subclínica

et al. 2009

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Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de 291 isolados de Staphylococcus spp. recuperados de amostras de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica, em 15 propriedades rurais localizadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife (A), Agreste (B) e Zona da Mata (C) do estado de Pernambuco. Dos 291 isolados, 170(58,4%) foram classificados como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN), 84(28,9%) como Staphylococcus aureus e 37(12,7%) como Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP). Para o estudo do perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos empregou-se a técnica de difusão em discos, foram avaliadas 16 drogas antimicrobianas utilizadas no tratamento das mastites. O antibiótico que apresentou melhor eficácia in vitro foi a associação entre neomicina + bacitracina + tetraciclina com percentuais de 98,4%, 99,3%, 89,7% para as regiões A, B e C, respectivamente. O antibiótico menos eficaz foi a ampicilina que apresentou 56,5% de resistência para as amostras da região A, 72,8% para a região B e 71,8% na região C. Os resultados obtidos mostram a necessidade da realização periódica de testes de sensibilidade in vitro, pois existem variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistência que podem comprometer o tratamento do animal bem como os programas de controle da mastite bovina causada pelo Staphylococcus spp.

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Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors

Cited by 339 publications

References 68 publications

Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Patterns of antibiotic prescriptions and appropriateness in the emergency room in a major secondary care hospital in Bahrain

Multiple antibiotic resistance index, fitness and virulence potential in respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Jamaica

Perfil de sensibilidade microbiana in vitro de linhagens de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas de vacas com mastite subclínica

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