Antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of faecal enterococci of wild birds: Emergence of vanA and vanB2 harbouring Enterococcus faecalis

Yahia, Houssem Ben; Chairat, Sarra; Hamdi, Nabil; Gharsa, Haythem; Sallem, Rym Ben; Ceballos, Sara; Torres, Carmén; Slama, Karim Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.005

Cited by 32 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This study, to the best of our knowledge provides, for the first time, detailed vancomycin resistance genotypes of a variety of enterococci isolated from racing pigeons. In contrast to the meat of wild game animals (including pigeons), wild birds, feral pigeons [3,4,17,28], racing pigeons did not harbour vanA-enterococci and only sporadically vanB. Similarly to our results, other authors did not find vanA-mediated glycopeptide resistance in enterococci isolated from fecal samples in pigeons [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…On the contrary, Radimersky et al [3] reported a lower number of isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic in feral pigeons. The most frequent resistance to tetracycline was observed in strains obtained from feral or racing pigeons and from wild birds [3,12,18,28]. We concluded that frequent resistance to enrofloxacin and doxycycline may be associated with a common usage of these antibiotics in domestic pigeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The absence of hyl was noted also in enterococci obtained from wild game meat and farm animals [16,17,27]. In contrast to pigeon, hyl was often reported in human, wild bird, food and water isolates [13,15,24,28]. Jung et al [9] found hyl among single pathogenic E. cecorum from poultry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)

et al. 2020

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Background: This study was aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota in racing pigeons with regard to Enterococcus species distribution, virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility. Three methods (API, Multiplex sodA-PCR, 16S rRNA sequencing) were compared for Enterococcus species identification. Cloacal samples from 179 apparently healthy pigeons of 13 different flocks were tested. Results: Multiplex sodA-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed almost perfect agreement in Enterococcus species identification. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus columbae (34.5%), Enterococcus hirae (20.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (11.7%), Enterococcus faecium (11.7%), Enterococcus gallinarum (9%), Enterococcus mundtii (4.8%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3.4%), Enterococcus cecorum (2.1%), Enterococcus durans (2.1%). More Enterococcus species were found after the race season than before. The study showed differences between Enterococcus species in relation to 68.8% (22/32) biochemical parameters. Six out of seven virulence genes were detected: gelE (43.5%), asa1 (42.1%), efaA (30.3%), ace (30.3%), cylA (27.6%), and esp (9%). None of the isolates harboured hyl gene. Overall 15.2% of Enterococcus isolates produced gelatinase, but 66.7% gelE genes were silent. Enterococcus faecalis showed the most often efaA, ace and gelatinase activity than other enterococcal species. Nearly all isolates (93.1%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The most frequent resistance was to enrofloxacin (80%), doxycycline with teicoplanin (73.1%), erythromycin (49.7%). The study revealed significant differences between some enterococcal species in the antibiotic susceptibility to different antibiotics. Enterococcus columbae and E. cecorum showed significantly more frequent resistance to chloramphenicol than other enterococci. The presence of VRE (19.3%), HLGR (2.8%) and no LRE were found. Overall 30.3% of isolates were positive for vancomycin resistance genes, where vanC1 (E. gallinarum), vanC2-C3 (E. hirae, E. casseliflavus), vanB (E. columbae) predominated. Conclusions: We conclude, that intestinal microbiota in racing pigeons is composed by 9 different Enterococcus species. Given that racing pigeons are kept in close contact with humans and backyard animals, combined with their long-distance flight abilities, they can serve as potential source of virulent and antibiotic resistant Enterococcus spp. in the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)

et al. 2020

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“…Antibacterial‐resistant Enterococcus was found in feces of pets and camels, wild birds, irrigation water from farm environments, food vegetables, hospital environments, animal meat, and patients in Tunisia . Resistance to VAN, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β‐lactams, and TET was detected in the environment, animals and humans, with the majority of the isolates being E. faecium , followed by E. faecalis .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance inEnterococcusspp.,Staphylococcusspp., andStreptococcusspp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

Sekyere

Mensah

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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A systematic review of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English‐language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health–related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.

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“…Transmission of both genetic elements encoding antibiotic resistance and strains between animals and humans relies on the genetic similarity/identity between donor and recipient (Ruiz‐Garbajosa et al ., ,b; McBride et al ., 2007; Freitas et al ., , ; Larsen et al ., ; Kuch et al ., ; Oravcova et al ., , ; Lozano et al ., ; Zischka et al ., ). Although sporadically analysed, wild birds might also be vectors of genes encoding resistance to first‐line antibiotics (Oravcova et al ., ; Ben Yahia et al ., ) and possibly, highly virulent strains for poultry (Petersen et al ., ). Unfortunately, there are very few strains from non‐human sources either included in whole‐genome databases or included in analysis of population structure by classical methods [7.7% of the available genomes at the time of our analysis (39/441); 23 from farm animals, 2 from insects, 10 from non‐flying birds (two penguins, one chicken, one duck and one turkey), one tunicate, one mouse, two pets (cat, dog)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics of Enterococcus faecalis from wild birds: new insights into host‐associated differences in core and accessory genomes of the species

León‐Sampedro

Campo

Rodríguez-Baños

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Wild birds have been suggested to be reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant and/or pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis (Efs) strains, but the scarcity of studies and available sequences limit our understanding of the population structure of the species in these hosts. Here, we analysed the clonal and plasmid diversity of 97 Efs isolates from wild migratory birds. We found a high diversity, with most sequence types (STs) being firstly described here, while others were found in other hosts including some predominant in poultry. We found that pheromone‐responsive plasmids predominate in wild bird Efs while 35% of the isolates entirely lack plasmids. Then, to better understand the ecology of the species, the whole genome of fivestrains with known STs (ST82, ST170, ST16 and ST55) were sequenced and compared with all the Efs genomes available in public databases. Using several methods to analyse core and accessory genomes (AccNET, PLACNET, hierBAPS and PANINI), we detected differences in the accessory genome of some lineages (e.g. ST82) demonstrating specific associations with birds. Conversely, the genomes of other Efs lineages exhibited divergence in core and accessory genomes, reflecting different adaptive trajectories in various hosts. This pangenome divergence, horizontal gene transfer events and occasional epidemic peaks could explain the population structure of the species.

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Antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of faecal enterococci of wild birds: Emergence of vanA and vanB2 harbouring Enterococcus faecalis

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)

Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica)

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance inEnterococcusspp.,Staphylococcusspp., andStreptococcusspp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

Phylogenomics of Enterococcus faecalis from wild birds: new insights into host‐associated differences in core and accessory genomes of the species

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