Antimicrobial Resistance and Community Pharmacists’ Perspective in Thailand: A Mixed Methods Survey Using Appreciative Inquiry Theory

Netthong, Rojjares; Kane, Ros; Ahmadi, Keivan

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11020161

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(120 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Community pharmacy-based AMS programmes involve the active participation of pharmacists in promoting the appropriate use of antimicrobials within their communities [133] [134]. By collaborating with healthcare providers, pharmacists can actively engage in interventions such as medication therapy management, patient education, and antibiotic monitoring.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Stewardship (Ams) Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Mudenda,

Chabalenge,

Daka

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that has escalated due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the environment. Developing and implementing strategies to reduce and combat AMR is critical. Purpose: This study aimed to highlight some global strategies that can be implemented to address AMR using a One Health approach. Methods: This study employed a narrative review design that included studies published from January 2002 to July 2023. The study searched for literature on AMR and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in PubMed and Google Scholar using the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Results: This study reveals that AMR remains a significant global public health problem. Its severity has been markedly exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and the broader ecological environment. Several strategies have been developed to address AMR, including the Global Action Plan (GAP), National Action Plans (NAPs), AMS programs, and implementation of the AWaRe classification of antimicrobials. These strategies also involve strengthening surveillance of antimicrobial consumption and resistance, encouraging the development of new antimicrobials, and enhancing regulations around antimicrobial prescribing, dispensing, and usage. Additional measures include promoting global partnerships, combating substandard and falsified antimicrobials, advocating for vaccinations, sanitation, hy-How to cite this paper:

show abstract

Section: Antimicrobial Stewardship (Ams) Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Mudenda,

Chabalenge,

Daka

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, community pharmacists are well-positioned to contribute significantly to the implementation of AMS activities in community settings [ 15 ]. They can actively engage in patient education, promote rational antibiotic use, and provide appropriate counseling on medication adherence and potential adverse effects [ 16 ]. Additionally, community pharmacists can collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians and nurses, to ensure a multidisciplinary approach to the implementation of AMS programs [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices of Community Pharmacists in United Arab Emirates

AlAhmad,

Rabbani,

Al-Salman

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The purpose of this paper is to assess the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities in community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, was conducted using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of four AMS outpatient core elements, namely, commitment, action, tracking and reporting, and education and expertise, with each element containing different associated items. Pharmacy teams’ responses were categorized into three levels: low, satisfactory, or high. Results: Fifty-five pharmacy teams participated. Respondents confirmed implementation of at least one item of each AMS outpatient core element: commitment (94.5%), action (94.5%), tracking and reporting (67.3%), and education and expertise (81.8%). In supporting AMS implementation, surveyed teams scored high (81.8%) for action, satisfactory (65.5%) for education and expertise, low (43.6%) for tracking and reporting, and satisfactory (76.4%) for commitment. Attending antimicrobial stewardship programs was found to be a statistically significant predictor of implementation of antimicrobial stewardship activities (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The majority of community pharmacies met the core elements of outpatient antimicrobial stewardship to some degree. There is a significant association between participation in antimicrobial stewardship programs and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship activities by pharmacists in practice.

show abstract

Antimicrobial stewardship in private pharmacies in Wakiso district, Uganda: a qualitative study

Musoke,

Lubega,

Gbadesire

et al. 2023

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Private pharmacies are the first point of contact for the public regarding acquisition of medicines and other pharmaceuticals in many low- and middle-income countries including Uganda. Most antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes in Uganda have targeted pharmacies in public health facilities, with little known about private pharmacies. This study explored knowledge and practices related to AMS in private pharmacies in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Methods This was a qualitative study that involved 31 in-depth interviews to explore AMS among retail private pharmacy staff including pharmacists, pharmacy technicians/dispensers, and nurses. Participants were asked about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and AMS practices at their pharmacy. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and imported to NVivo 2020 (QSR International) for thematic analysis. Results Five major themes emerged from the study: commonly sold antimicrobials; knowledge on AMR and AMS; potential contributors to AMR; practices related to AMS; and challenges to AMS. The commonly sold antimicrobials in the pharmacies with or without prescriptions were oral azithromycin, Ampiclox® (ampicillin and cloxacillin), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, Septrin® (co-trimoxazole), metronidazole, Flucamox® (amoxicillin and flucloxacillin), Augmentin® (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid), cephalexin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol. Participants had heard about AMR but not AMS, although only a few correctly defined AMR. Lack of knowledge among health workers and local communities; the overuse, misuse, and abuse of antimicrobials such as non-adherence to dosage; self-medication; and purchase of drugs without prescription were identified as potential accelerators to the emergence of AMR. Current practices related to AMS in private pharmacies were limited to meetings, antimicrobial dispensing, providing client advice, record keeping, and monitoring of drugs. Cost of healthcare, client satisfaction and retention, outdated guidelines, and the business orientation of pharmacies were the main challenges related to AMS. Conclusion There was poor knowledge of AMR and AMS, and limited AMS practices in private pharmacies. Private pharmacies have the potential to contribute to Uganda’s fight against AMR if motivated and equipped with adequate knowledge to enhance their practices related to AMS.

show abstract

Antimicrobial Resistance and Community Pharmacists’ Perspective in Thailand: A Mixed Methods Survey Using Appreciative Inquiry Theory

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Global Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Perspective

Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices of Community Pharmacists in United Arab Emirates

Antimicrobial stewardship in private pharmacies in Wakiso district, Uganda: a qualitative study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About