Antimicrobial Properties in Bark and Leaf Extracts of Four Cinnamomum Species

Abstract

BACKGROUND Cinnamon has been recognised for its flavouring and medicinal properties since ancient times and is the second most important spice sold in the world market. The antibacterial activities of hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of four Cinnamomum species were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODSBoth bark and leaf extracts of C. verum, C. cassia, C. tamala and C. camphora was tested in vitro against 12 bacterial species by agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The bacterial species used in the study was Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella boydii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 17666, Enterobacter hormaechei and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. RESULTSThe present study indicated that both bark and leaf extracts have the ability to inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. But bark extracts were more effective than leaf extracts in inhibiting the organisms. S. maltophilia was inhibited by all the tested bark extracts except methanol extracts of C. cassia and C. camphora. The diameter of zone of inhibition ranged from 16-51 mm. C. camphora hexane extracts showed least MIC value of 3.13 mg/mL with S. maltophilia. V. cholerae a potent pathogen was inhibited by C. camphora leaf chloroform extract at the MIC of 3.13 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONFrom the present study, it could be concluded that selected extracts of cinnamon species have a remarkable potential in inhibiting the growth of major pathogenic bacteria.

Prospective antibacterial behavior of some essential aromatic oils against new Escherichia coli strain of extended-spectrum Beta-lactam

“…Cinnamon bark oil -1 12.5, 25, and 50 mg ml caused cell death as evidenced by lack of growth across all isolates after 24 hr of incubation (Fig. 7), a finding that is consistent with those of previous studies (Abdel-Moaty et al, 2016;Keloth et al, 2018). These impacts are ascribed to the lipophilic nature and low molecular weight of important elements consisting of essential oils that enable them to cross cell membranes, change membrane structure, and boost membrane fluidity, resulting in ion leakage and cytoplasmic molecules.…”

“…These results corroborates with the previous study of Trajano et al (2010) who reported that the essential oil of Cinnamon zeylanicum as an alternative source of antimicrobial compound was effective against Staphylococcus aureus in food protection systems. Cinnamon bark oil is the most potent essential oil Sütterlin et al, ( against bacterial ESBL strains.The results we obtained for E. coli EMH-542017 in the time-kill assay following the cinnamon bark oil treatment is in line with those of Keloth et al (2018), who confirmed that cinnamon bark oil has a remarkable potential to inhibit the growth of E. coli strains with ESBLs in UTIs.…”

“…Several studies have indicated that essential oils are effective in addressing various medical issues, including the crisis of antibiotic resistance by infectious bacteria (Hassan et al, 2014;Chouhan et al, 2017). In general, the antibacterial effects of essential oils, such as cinnamon bark and cloveoils, and their components are due to membrane and metabolic effects on E. coli, as well as medicinal properties (Keloth et al, 2018;Berendsen et al, 2020). The health advantages of clove oil include its antimicrobial, antifungal, antiseptic, antiviral, and aphrodisiac characteristics (Berendsen et al, 2020).…”