Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms

Jordão, Cláudia Carolina; Sousa, Tábata Viana de; Klein, Marlise I.; Dias, Luana Mendonça; Pavarina, Ana Cláudia; Carmello, Juliana Cabrini

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101825

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…is C. albicans. The data presented herein regarding genes are exclusively related to C. albicans [62][63][64][65][66]. Regarding the experimental models, Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jordão et al [64] evaluated whether the oxidative stress produced by aPDT was responsible for altering the expression of genes related to virulence factors (adhesion and biofilm formation), as well as the expression of genes involved in the response to oxidative stress. Photodithazine (100 mg/L-200 mg/L) and curcumin (40 µM and 80 µM) were used as the PSs in the formation and treatment of biofilms of C. albicans ATCC 90.028.…”

Section: Changes In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

Rodríguez-Cerdeira

Martínez‐Herrera

Fabbrocini

et al. 2021

JoF

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The most important aetiological agent of opportunistic mycoses worldwide is Candida spp. These yeasts can cause severe infections in the host, which may be fatal. Isolates of Candida albicans occur with greater frequency and variable resistance patterns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognised as an alternative treatment to kill pathogenic microorganisms. PDT utilises a photosensitizer, which is activated at a specific wavelength and oxygen concentration. Their reaction yields reactive oxygen species that kill the infectious microorganism. A systematic review of new applications of PDT in the management of candidiasis was performed. Of the 222 studies selected for in-depth screening, 84 were included in this study. All the studies reported the antifungal effectiveness, toxicity and dosimetry of treatment with antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) with different photosensitizers against Candida spp. The manuscripts that are discussed reveal the breadth of the new applications of aPDT against Candida spp., which are resistant to common antifungals. aPDT has superior performance compared to conventional antifungal therapies. With further studies, aPDT should prove valuable in daily clinical practice.

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“…is C. albicans. The data presented herein regarding genes are exclusively related to C. albicans [62][63][64][65][66]. Regarding the experimental models, Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

Rodríguez-Cerdeira

Martínez‐Herrera

Fabbrocini

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…aPDT was as effective as Nystatin reducing 1.4 and 2.0 log 10 of the cell viability, respectively, meaning that both treatments reduced the ability of C. albicans to adhere on a surface and form biofilm. Later [ 114 ], showed that the oxidative stress caused by aPDT affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). In addition, ( 115 ) reported the potential of chlorophyll extract of papaya leaf (0.5 mg/L) as an exogenous photosensitizer against C. albicans biofilm.…”

Section: Bio-effects Of Apdt and Pefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields

Melo

Celiešiūtė-Germanienė

Šimonis

et al. 2021

Virulence

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Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.

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“…What is interesting, light irradiation itself, without 13, resulted also in downregulation of the genes [152]. Jordão et al investigated whether the oxidative stress induced by PACT affected the expression of C. albicans genes associated with adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1) [153]. In the PACT two photosensitizing agents (PSs)-Photodithazine ® (chlorin derivative-38, Figure 9) (100 and 200 mg/L) or 13 (40 and 80 µM) were used in combination with LED (37.5 J/cm 2 or 50 J/cm 2 ).…”

Section: Curcuminmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HWP1) and also genes responsible for the oxidative stress response were reduced. Analysis of the results led to an observation of the decrease of the virulence and the adaptability to oxidative stress of C. albicans after PACT procedure, irrespective of the PS applied [153]. Many scientists focused their research on the concentration levels of PS, its formulations, variations of dosimetry in PACT and correlation with antifungal activity, and effectiveness against various species of fungi.…”

Section: Curcuminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi

Ziental

Mlynarczyk

Czarczyńska-Goślińska

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields

Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi

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