Antimicrobial and phytochemical evaluation of the leaf, stem bark and root extracts of Cyathula prostrata (L) Blume against some human pathogens

Abstract

The antimicrobial activities of aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanolic extracts of leaf stem bark and root of Cyathula prostrata were investigated against some human clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans using the Agar well diffusion method at extract concentration of 25mg/ml. Ciprofloxacin(5&#956;g/ml) and Fluconazole (20&#956;g/ml) drugs was used as positive reference standards to determine the sensitivity of the strains. Results obtained showed that all the test isolates were inhibited by various fractions of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the different plant parts were not significantly different (P<0.05), though the greatest activities were observed with the ethanolic fractions (14.0-25.5 mm), followed by the hot water (12.0-24.2 mm) and cold extracts (13.0-18.5 mm). An inhibition range of 24.0-25.5mm and 28.5mm were observed from ciprofloxacin and fluconazole drugs respectively. The percentage susceptibility of the most sensitive bacterial isolate (E. coli,) was 95.9% while the least (K. pneumoniae) had 40.0% sensitivity. Candida albicans had a percentage susceptibility of 57.5%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 400 and 800&#956;g/ml. The observed phytochemical compounds were saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and steroids. This study has justified the applications of Cyathula prostrata in the traditional herbal medicines and therefore holds a promise as a potential source of novel broad spectrum drug for treating infectious diseases. [J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2012; 1(1.000): 35-43

Antibacterial efficiency of the Sudanese Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a famous beverage from Sudanese folk medicine

“…The current investigation and the majority of previous published studies unanimously agreed that H. sabdariffa calyces which collected from different localities around the world have effective antibacterial properties; this feature makes it a unique and promising antibacterial plant. It is known that the bioactivity of the extracts from the same plant species may vary according to the plant extraction process which affect greatly by many factors such as type of solvents, method of extraction, temperature (hot or cold liquids), age of the plant and season of harvesting [ 23 ], this stability of H. sabdariffa calyces as distinguished antibacterial agent is very interesting. Moreover, as represented in Figure 3 , the antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (10 mg/disc) was significantly higher than penicillin G (10 units), and non-significant statistically when compared with the gentamicin (10 μg/disc), meaning that this plant extract is competitor to gentamicin.…”

Phytochemical Screening, Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf and Stem Extracts of Gnetum africanum Welw

“…Many alkaloids for example are known to have effect on the central nervous system and act as antipyretic such as morphine, a painkiller. Similarly, Saponins which are a special class of glycosides have been found to possess antifungal activity (Ogu et al, 2012). Saponins have been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological and medicinal activities.…”

“…In particular, the fungal strains were highly sensitive and susceptible to the plant extracts than the bacterial strains. The difference according to Ogu et al (2012) is due to the fact that gram positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli develop resistant to inhibition caused by plant extract.…”

The influence of graded levels of Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Blume on semen quality characteristics of adult New Zealand white bucks

“…Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Blume is used by ethnomedical and ethnoveterinary practitioners to treat several disease such as diabetes ( Ogbonnia et al, 2016 ), cancer ( Sowemimo et al, 2009 ), antibacterial and antifungi treatments ( Oladimeji et al, 2005 ; Ogu et al, 2012 ), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities ( Ibrahim et al, 2012 ), sores, articular rheumatism ( Burkill, 1985 ), dysentery, wounds, and urethral discharges in many countries such as Nigeria, Cameron, Ghana, Ivory Coast, China, and Australia ( Zheng and Xing, 2009 ; Alam et al, 2013 ). Several herbal plants are reported to improve male fertility potentials through the stimulation of healthy sperm production, improved libido/aphrodisiac properties, hormonal balance, and improved spermatozoa’s fertilizable properties in both animals and men ( Nantia et al, 2009 ; Anandakumar et al, 2013 ; Jaradat and Zaid, 2019 ).…”

“…It is one of the highly exploited tropical herbal plants, with important phytochemical content such as terpenoids, flavonols, phenols, and tannins, steroids and carbohydrates. Its medicinal properties include anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties ( Ibrahim et al, 2012 ), antibacterial and antifungal activities ( Oladimeji et al, 2005 ; Unni et al, 2009 ; Ogu et al, 2012 ), antidiabetes ( Ogbonnia et al, 2016 ), and has been used to treat rheumatism, eye problems, dysentery, otitis, and wound healing ( Burkill, 1985 ).…”