Antimicrobial and Anti-Caries Effect of New Glass Ionomer Cement on Enamel Under Microcosm Biofilm Model

Abstract

The occurrence of caries lesions adjacent to restorations is a serious problem in Dentistry. Therefore, new antimicrobial restorative materials could help to prevent recurrent carious lesions. This study evaluated the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (Ion Z) on the viability of a microcosm biofilm and on the development of enamel demineralization. Enamel samples were filled with the following materials (n=9): A) Ion-Z (FGM Ltda); B) Maxxion R (FGM Ltda); C) Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE) and D) no restoration (control). The samples were then exposed to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50) containing 0.2% sucrose for 14 days. The live and dead bacteria were quantified by fluorescence using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. The enamel demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test (p<0.05). Ion Z induced a higher percentage of dead bacteria (60.96±12.0%) compared to the other groups (Maxxion R: 39.8±6.7%, Ketac Fil Plus: 43.7±9.71% and control 46.3±9.5%). All materials significantly reduced the average mineral loss compared to control (Ion-Z 25.0±4.2%vol, Maxxion R 23.4±8.0%vol, Ketac Fil Plus 30.7±7.7 and control 41.2±6.6%vol). Ion-Z was the only material able to significantly improve the mineral content at the surface layer (Zmax: 63.5±18.2%vol) compared to control (38.9±11.3%vol). Ion-Z shows antimicrobial potential, but its anti-caries effect was similar to the other materials, under this model.

Initial Mechanical Stabilization of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements with Different Active Principles

“…It is known that the incorporation of several types of nanoparticles in GICs increases the physicalmechanical and antimicrobial properties of these materials [11]. However, in regards to GIC Ion-Z properties, the literature is still scarce with regard to its antimicrobial properties, anti-caries effect, external sources in the maturation process, and the handling/proportion of powder and liquid and its effects on surface roughness [18,32,33], which makes it difficult to compare this GIC type with previous studies regarding surface microhardness data.…”

“…The manufacturer recommends its use for temporary restorations in permanent teeth, as a base for permanent restorations, in non-carious cervical lesions, restorations in primary teeth, and the ART technique. It is worth mentioning that, to date, the literature evaluating the properties of this new material with bioactive properties is scarce [18,32,33].…”

Effect of different atmospheres on microcosm biofilm formation and tooth demineralization

“…Studies differ concerning the sucrose concentrations and form of exposure, which can be either continuous or intermittent (Signori et al 2018;Braga et al 2020). Cultivation time can vary from 2-14 d depending on the selected response variables (Rudney et al 2012;Souza et al 2018). Incubation atmosphere is another important factor (Sim et al 2016) Oral dental bio lms are constantly exposed to substantial uxes of environmental conditions, namely, fast pH changes, availability of nutrients, nature of carbohydrates, and variations in redox potentials due to atmospheric conditions.…”

Propiedades y aplicación clínica de los ionómeros de vidrio de alta densidad disponibles en Lima-Perú

“…El ionómero de vidrio (IV) se puede definir como un material a base de agua, resultante de una reacción ácido-base 8 , entre un ácido polialquenoico y un vidrio de aluminosilicato básico (ASG) 9,10 , que genera un polisal y forma la matriz inicial del cemento 11 . El ácido polialquenoico suele ser un ácido poliacrílico, ácido (politacónico, polimaleico) o un copolímero de los anteriores.…”

“…Tienen la capacidad constante de adquirir y liberar fluoruros de diferentes fuentes del medio bucal 20 . Uno de los principales inconvenientes de los ionómeros de vidrio son sus propiedades mecánicas débiles como: la tenacidad, la fragilidad y la baja resistencia a la compresión, por lo que se han investigado materiales de relleno alternativo 9 . A principios de la década de 1990, se desarrollaron los cementos de IV de alta viscosidad o densidad, como materiales de obturación en la técnica de terapia restaurativa atraumática (TRA); deseables debido a sus propiedades únicas de fraguado más rápido, resistencia adecuada y pulible en una sola cita, aunque las resinas siguen siendo superiores en cuanto a resistencia a la fractura 21 .…”