Antimicrobial agent resistance in bacterial isolates from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infection in the Sudan.

Ahmed, Atif; Osman, Hani; Mansour, Alawayia M.; Musa, Hassan A.; Ahmed, Abdalla B.; Karrar, Zein A.; Hassan, Hassan Sidahmed

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.259

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Resistance is also highly prevalent among all Shigella serovars from Sudan, Kenya, Nigeria and Ethiopia [129,131,160,161]. A class 2 integron bearing cassette encoding resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, and spectinomycin has been described in Sh.…”

Section: Enteroinvasive E Coli and Shigellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, generation and dissemination of epidemiological data still falls short of need. Shigella flexneri is the serovariety that predominates in developing countries, including those in Africa, although virtually all serovars are recovered in medium to large studies [129][130][131][132]. Shigella remains an important etiologic agent of diarrheal disease in older children and adults [19].…”

Section: Enteroinvasive E Coli and Shigellamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Okeke

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

121

103

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Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death, particularly in developing countries. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli, enterohemorrhaghic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) have been associated with diarrheal disease in different parts of Africa, particularly among young children, HIV-positive individuals, and visitors from abroad. Each of these E. coli pathotypes uses distinct mechanisms, which are only partially understood, to colonize infected hosts and produce diarrhea. All known diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes have been reported from diverse locations within Africa but the true burden from these pathogens is unknown because very few studies seeking these organisms with discriminatory methodology have been performed. Recent reports implicate ETEC and EAEC in a considerable proportion of childhood and travellers' diarrheas and suggest that some sub-types of these categories may have greater epidemiological significance than others. The significant contribution of EHEC to bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome is underappreciated because diagnostic capacity for this pathotype is generally inferior to that for confounders such as Shigella and Entamoeba. Recent studies in Africa have revealed the worrisome emergence of antimicrobial resistance and high asymptomatic carriage rates for diarrheagenic E. coli but bacterial and host factors that predispose to disease, as well as non-human reservoirs, are largely unknown. Future diarrheal disease research needs to focus on broadening the repertoire of pathogens sought in epidemiological surveys to include multiple categories of diarrheagenic E. coli while building capacity to detect these pathogens in local reference laboratories.

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Section: Enteroinvasive E Coli and Shigellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enteroinvasive E Coli and Shigellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Okeke

2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

121

103

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“…In these countries, the best option would be to base antimicrobial therapy on local data, if available, regarding the susceptibility of common pathogens to antibiotics. [4] Mozambique, one of the poorest countries of the world, has a shortage of microbiology laboratory facilities, and choice of antimicrobial therapy often is guided solely by availability of antibiotics. Few studies have addressed the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Mozambique.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extremely high prevalence of multi-resistance among uropathogens from hospitalised children in Beira, Mozambique

et al. 2013

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in the two paediatric wards of HCB, a 728-bed referral hospital in Beira, the second-largest city in Mozambique. A maximum of 150 and 60 children are treated in the 100-bed paediatric ward and the 24-bed malnutrition ward, respectively; one bed is therefore often occupied by more than one child. One family member is allowed to stay in the Objectives. A prospective surveillance study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and patterns of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens from hospitalised children in Beira, Mozambique. Additionally, information regarding determinants of a urinary tract infection (UTI) was obtained. Methods. Bacterial species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase testing were performed for relevant bacterial isolates. Results. Analysis of 170 urine samples from 148 children yielded 34 bacterial isolates, predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., causative of a urinary tract infection in 29 children; 30/34 isolates (88.2%) from 26/29 children (89.7%) were considered highly resistant micro-organisms (HRMOs). No significant determinants of urinary tract infection with HRMOs were detected when analysing gender, antibiotic use during hospital admission and HIV status. Conclusion. This study shows, for the first time in Mozambique, an extremely high prevalence of HRMOs among uropathogens from hospitalised children with a urinary tract infection.

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“…Resistant to SXT among enteropathogens has increased dramatically over at least 14 years [9]. It seems that the frequency of antibiotic resistance in the Sudan has increased over the last 15 years, in comparison to previous studies [8]. In recent decades, Shigella spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The current study was design to assess the antimicrobial treatment recommended by (IMCI). Antimicrobial resistance is now recognized as an increasingly global problem which was observed for the first time in E. coli in 1940 (8) . The primary factor responsible for the development and spread of bacterial resistance is the injudicious use of antimicrobial agents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in children at Khartoum StateSudan

Eldaif

Omer

Saeed

2015

IJPBR

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Background: Diarrhea remains a major public health problem in developing countries. The current study was design to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in children those antibiotics are recommended by Integrated Management-of Childhood illness (IMCI) . Methods: A total number of 114 bacterial pathogens isolated from 432 children patients with diarrhea attending Khartoum Pediatric Hospital & Omdurman Pediatric Hospital during the period of May 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled into the study. The antimicrobial activity against five commonly used antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, nalidixic acid and amoxicillin were performed using Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of 114 isolates about 63% were susceptible to co-trimoxazole; where as 71.4% & 80.4% of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin & nalidixic acid, respectively. All (100%) of isolated pathogens were susceptible to ciprofloxacin where as the susceptibility of gentamicin among all isolates were 96.4%. Among 61 Shigella spp. isolates only 49.2% were susceptible to co-trimoxazole compared with 54.1% of Shigella spp isolates that were susceptible to amoxicillin. 96.8% of Shigella isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. Conclusion: In vitro sensitivity test of isolates showed that ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were the most effective antibacterial drugs for bloody diarrhoea compared to co-trimoxazole & amoxicillin.

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Antimicrobial agent resistance in bacterial isolates from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infection in the Sudan.

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in sub-Saharan Africa: Status, Uncertainties and Necessities

Extremely high prevalence of multi-resistance among uropathogens from hospitalised children in Beira, Mozambique

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria causing diarrhea in children at Khartoum StateSudan

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