Antimicrobial Activity of Human. Milk Against Pediatric Pathogens

Immune components (IgA, IgM, IgG, immune cells) of colostrum of Bangladeshi mothers

“…In the present study, analyses of one‐way anova and Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that maternal characteristics of the postpartum mother did not have any correlation with the immunoglobulin in colostrums. This confers species‐specificity in production of colostrum and milk, 37 and corresponds to the findings reported elsewhere 13,15,33,35,36,38,39 . It was shown that both malnourished (low BMI) and well‐nourished (normal BMI) mothers are also able to produce nearly equal amounts of anti‐infective secretory IgA to transfer to their offspring via breastmilk; this could be related to the species‐specificity effect in production of anti‐infective immune components in human colostrum or milk 37 .…”

“…The primary investigation suggests that human colostrum and milk is species‐specific with regard to infant nutrition and anti‐infective immune components, irrespective of maternal characteristics 37 . Results of several studies supported this species‐specificity finding, where the levels of colostral and milk immune components was found to be independent of maternal characteristics such as nutritional status, age, income, parity, and gestational age 13,15,33,35,36,38 . However, some investigations report an influence of maternal characteristics on the colostral and milk constituents 18,20,39 .…”

“…37 Results of several studies supported this species-specifi city fi nding, where the levels of colostral and milk immune components was found to be independent of maternal characteristics such as nutritional status, age, income, parity, and gestational age. 13,15,33,35,36,38 However, some investigations report an infl uence of maternal characteristics on the colostral and milk constituents. 18,20,39 In the present study, analyses of one-way anova and Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that maternal characteristics of the postpartum mother did not have any correlation with the immunoglobulin in colostrums.…”

“…This confers species-specifi city in production of colostrum and milk, 37 and corresponds to the fi ndings reported elsewhere. 13,15,33,35,36,38,39 It was shown that both malnourished (low BMI) and well-nourished (normal BMI) mothers are also able to produce nearly equal amounts of antiinfective secretory IgA to transfer to their offspring via breastmilk; this could be related to the species-specifi city effect in production of anti-infective immune components in human colostrum or milk. 37 This fi nding is of considerable public health signifi cance because the majority of women in poor communities are undernourished.…”

Supplementation of an adapted formula with bovine lactoferrin: 1. Effect on the infant faecal flora

“…Iron-binding compounds, like the proteins lactoferrin and transferrin, exert their bacteriostatic effect by scavenging free iron from the environment. The role of lactoferrin (found in human milk at 2-6 mg/ml) in the bacteriostasis of several facultative organisms in vitro has been examined extensively (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, evidence is scarce on the effect of lactoferrin in vivo.…”